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Gov UK Vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Autonomy | the degree to which a state can implement policies independent of the populace or the amount of sovereignty a nation-state can exercise in the global environment |
Backbenchers | Members of parliament that are not as noteworthy leaders or shadow cabinet members (may be starting their careers) who are sitting in the back |
Bureaucratic authoritarianism | In contrast with fascism and totalitarianism this political structure includes hierarchical structures in which policy are carried out |
Causation | a correlation in which a change in one variable results in change in others |
Cleavage | factors that separate groups within a society (ex: cultural, historic, geographic, economic, ethnic, racial) |
Cross-cutting cleavage | the factors (cleavages) that cause divisions & the recognition that some groups will share common interests but will not always agree on everything |
Collective Consensus | Cross-party British support for the welfare state that lasted until the late 1970s |
Collective Responsibility | In a parliamentary system, the concept that all cabinet members agree on policy decisions and that all will be accountable and responsible for results |
Constitution in Britain | There is no formal written constitution, unwritten body of laws based on statutes (acts of parliament), common law (precedents), customs/traditions |
Devolution | a process in a unitary system of delegating some decision making to local public bodies |
Economic liberalization | policy designed to remove political controls over economics and activity |
European Court of Justice & European Parliament | the European Parliament is the EU’s made law-making institution, they also work on the EU budget and make sure other EU institutions are working democratically. The European Court of Justice sees that all the laws are applied in the countries & gets rid o |
European Union | aka “Common Market” the group of European countries that are bound together |
Fusion of Power | system of governance in which the authority of government is concentrated in one body |
GDP | the total value of goods and services produced by an economy |
Maastricht Treaty | signed 1992 created the EU & EMU(central bank) |
Parliament | The group or body that creates the laws/legislations, examines what government is doing, holds the power to set taxes |
party discipline | The idea that debate has little effect because MPs are expected to vote w/ their party |
Plurality system (first past the post) | electoral system in which election winners are determined by which candidate receives the largest number of votes (regardless of if majority is received) |
Prime ministerial system | Governmental system in which the Prime Minister is the head of government with a large amount of control and leverage |
privatization | selling off state owned companies |
proportional representation | electoral systems in which parties receive a number of seats in parliament proportional to the share of votes they win |
PPP | economic theory that estimates amount of adjustment needed on an exchange rate between countries |
Shadow Cabinet | the minority party official leadership that “shadows” cabinet” to check up on what they are doing & critique |
single member district | Electoral system in which the only one representative is chosen from each constituency |
social welfare | the material condition of members of a group, may also refer to the group-supplied material benefits in society (ex: health care) |
supranational organization | The institutions/organizations in which nations are not totally sovereign actors, authority that transcends national borders |
the third way | terms used to describe new & more central left-wing parties of the 1990s including Britain’s “New Labour” |
Three line whip | note from party whip stating when a vote is happening that all MPs of that party must come to and vote along the party line |