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POL175 Ch.11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| . biodiversity | The tremendous diversity of plant and animal species making up the earth's (global, regional, and local) ecosystems |
| Chernobyl | A city in Ukraine that was the site of a 1986 meltdown at a Soviet nuclear power plant. |
| demographic transition | The pattern of falling death rates, followed by falling birthrates, that generally accompanies industrialization and economic development |
| enclosure | The splitting of a common area or good into privately owned pieces, giving individual owners an incentive to manage resources responsibly |
| global warming | A slow, long-term rise in the average world temperature caused by the emission of greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels—oil, coal, and natural gas. (p. 390) See also greenhouse gases |
| greenhouse gases | Carbon dioxide and other gases that, when concentrated in the atmosphere, act like the glass in a greenhouse, holding energy in and leading to global warming |
| high seas | The portion of the oceans considered common territory, not under any kind of exclusive state jurisdiction |
| infant mortality rate | The proportion of babies who die within their first year of life |
| International Whaling Commission | An intergovernmental organization (IGO) that sets quotas for hunting certain whale species; states' participation is voluntary |
| . Kyoto Protocol | The main international treaty on global warming, which entered into effect in 2005 and mandates cuts in carbon emissions in 2008-2012. Almost all the world's major countries, except the United States, are participants |
| Montreal Protocol | An agreement on protection of the ozone layer in which states pledged to reduce and then eliminate use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It is the most successful environmental treaty to date |
| ozone layer | The part of the atmosphere that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Certain chemicals used in industrial economies break the ozone layer down |
| pronatalist | A government policy that encourages or forces childbearing, and outlaws or limits access to contraception |
| tragedy of the commons | A collective goods dilemma that is created when common environmental assets (such as the world's fisheries) are depleted or degraded through the failure of states to cooperate effectively. |
| UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) | A world treaty (1982) governing use of the oceans. The UNCLOS treaty established rules on territorial waters and a 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ). (p. 400) See also territorial waters. |
| UN Environment Program (LTNEP) | A program that monitors environmental conditions and, among other activities, works with the World Meteorological Organization to measure changes in global climate. |
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kaelin.steele
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