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counseling theorists
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| key figure(s) of psychoanalytic therapy | Sigmund Freud |
| key figure(s) of Adlerian Therapy | Alfred Adler; later Dreikurs popularized approach in U.S. |
| key figure(s) of existential therapy | Viktor Frankl; Rollo May: Yalom |
| key figure(s) of person-centered therapy | Founder = Carl Rogers; Key figure= Natalie Rogers |
| key figure(s) of Gestalt Therapy | Founders = Laura and Fritz Perls; Key figures = Miriam and Erving Polster |
| key figure(s) of Behavior Therapy | B.F. Skinner; Lazarus; Bandura |
| key figure(s) of Cognitive behavior therapy | Albert Ellis = REBT; Beck = CT |
| key figure(s) of Reality Therapy | Founder = Glasser. Key figure = Wubbolding |
| key figure(s) of feminist therapy | Jean Baker Miller; Carolyn Enns; Olivia Espin; Laura Brown |
| key figure(s) of post modern approaches | Insoo Kim Berg and DeSchazer = Solution Focused Brief Therapy; Michael White and David Epston = narrative therapy |
| key figure(s) of family systems therapy | Adler; Murray Bowen; Viginia Satir; Carl Whitaker; Salvador Minuchin; Jay Hayley; Cloe Madanes |
| Psychoanalytic Therapy | psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors, especially 1st six years of life, that motivate behavior and determine later personality |
| Adlerian Therapy | A growth model that stresses assuming responsibility, creating own destiny and finding meaning and goals to create a purposeful life |
| Existential therapy | model stresses building therapy on basic conditions of human existence such as choice, freedom, responsibility, self-determination |
| person-centered therapy | developed in 1940s as nondirective reaction to psychoanalysis places faith and responsibility to client in dealing with problems and concerns |
| Gestalt therapy | An experimental therapy stressing awareness and integration, also grew out of reaction to analytical therapy. Integrates functioning of body and mind |
| Behavior therapy | approach applies principles of learning to resolution of specific behavioral problems |
| REBT | a highly didactic, cognitive, action-oriented model of therapy that stresses the role of thinking and belief systems as the root of personal problems. |
| Cognitive Therapy (CT) | a form of therapy that gives the primary role to thinking as it influences behavior. |
| Reality Therapy | short-term approach is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present |
| Feminist Therapy | A central concept in this therapy is the concern for the pyschological oppression of women |
| mandatory ethics | is the view of ethical practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice |
| aspirational ethics | a higher level of ethical practice that addresses doing what is in the best interest of the client |
| informed consent | the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it |
| confidentiality | an ethical concept to not disclose information about a concept (often also a legal duty) |
| assessment | consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process |
| diagnosis | consists of identifying a specific mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms |
| The ACA uses the term ______ to describe dual or multiple relationships | non-professional interactions |
| According to psychoanalytic theory anxiety is | a feeling of dread that results from repressed feelings, memories, and experience that emerge to the surface of awareness |
| According to psychoanalytic theory neurotic anxiety is | the fear that the instincts will get out of hand and cause one to do something for which one will be punished |
| Reality anxiety is | the fear of danger from the external world, and the level of anxiety is proportional to the degree of the real threat |
| Moral anxiety is | the fear of one's own conscience |
| Ego defense mechanisms include | repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, displacement, rationalization, sublimation, regression, introjection, identification, compensation |
| reaction formation is | actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse |
| projection is | attributing one's own unacceptable desires and impulses to others |
| displacement is | directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible. |
| introjection is | taking in and "swallowing" the values and standards of others; incorporating one's ego systems, one's idealized image of an object |
| Freud's psychosexual stages include | oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
| Erikson's pyschosocial stages include | trust v. mistrust; autonomy v. shame; initiative v. guilt; industry v. inferiority; identity v. role confusion; intimacy v. isolation; generative v. stagnate; integrity v. dispair |
| transference is | the client's unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings and fantasies that are reactions to significant others in the client's past |
| object relations theory is | a form of analytic treatment that involves exploration of internal unconscious identifications and internalizations of external objects |
| limitations of psychoanalytic approach | takes too much time, expensive, practical applications of techniques may be limited, therapist anonymity may be bad of therapeutic relationship |
| Adlerian therapy can be describe as an approach that is | holistic, social, goal oriented, systemic and humanistic |
| Adlerians attempt to view world from client's perspective, an approach which is known as | phenomenological |
| Adler's approach is called | Individual Psychology |
| Adler's concept of social interest refers to | an action in lifne of one's community feeling, and involving the individual's positive attitude toward other people in the world |
| Community feeling embodies the feeling of | being connected to all of humanity, past present and future and being involved in trying to make the world a better place |
| According to Adler's individual psychology social interest is the central __________ | indicator of mental health. |
| Adler taught that we must master three universal life tasks including: | building friendships (social task), establishing intimacy (love/marriage task), contributing to society (occupational task) |
| The basic goal of Adlerian therapy is to help clients identify and change ______________________ | their mistaken beliefs about self, others, and life and thus participate more full in a social world. |
| Adlerians view clients not as psychologically sick but as _____________________ | discouraged |
| limitations of the Adlerian approach include | limited empirical testing of effectiveness of elements of theory |
| logotherapy | an existential model developed by Viktor Frankl focusing on meaningfulness of life in all circumstances. |
| The basic dimensions of the human condition according to existential approaches include | 1)capacity for self-awareness; 2)freedom and responsibility; 3) creating identity and meaningful relationships; 4) search for meaning, purpose, values, goals; 5) anxiety as condition of living; 6) awareness of death and nonbeing |
| Phases of existential therapy | 1) therapist assists client in identifying assumptions 2) encourage to examine source of present value system 3) helping client take what they've learned about self and put it into action |
| Person centered therapy is based on a philosophy of human nature that postulates | an innate striving for self-actualization |
| Principles of Gestalt Theory | Holism; field theory; figure formation process |
| Field theory | Gestalt theory that the organism must be seen in its environment as part of a constantly changing field |
| Holism | Gestalt therapists see all of nature as unified and coherent whole and the whole as different from the sum of its parts. No emphasis is put on any one aspect of a person's personality |
| The figure formation process tracks | how some aspect of the environmental field emerges from the background and becomes the focal point of the individual's attention and interest. |
| organismic self-regulation (gestalt) | a process by which equilibrium is disturbed by the emergence of a need,sensation or interest |
| Gestalt therapy focuses on helping clients full experience the ________ moment | present |
| phenomenological inquiry | paying attention to what is happening now (Gestalt) |
| Gestalt therapists rarely ask "why" questions favoring "--------" and "-------" questions | what, how |
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shelldhartman
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