tiny, microscopic, bristle-like projections of upper surface of mucosal epithelial cells; significantly amplify surface area of epithelial cells, thus enhancing nutrient absorption
Ileocecal valve
located at junction of ileum of small intesting and cecum of large intestine; controls movement of food residue from small intestine to large intestine
Colon
includes ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions
Diverticula
abnormal protrusions/outward herniations of mucosa through colon wall caused by greater exertion of pressure due to lack of fiber in diet; can result in diverticulosis or diverticulitis if inflamed or infected
Aggregated lymphoid nodules/Peyer’s patches in ileum
lymphoid tissue in lamina propria and submucosa of small & large intestine; keeps large numbers of bacteria in the lumen of small and large intestines from getting out of hand.
External anal sphincter
anal sphincter consisting of skeletal muscle, so can be voluntarily controlled
Descending colon
portion of colon; extends down left side of abdominal cavity from splenic flexure and to sigmoid colon
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
bulb formed by pancreatic duct and bile duct where they enter wall of duodenum; opens into duodenal lumen via major duodenal papilla
Appendicitis
inflammation of appendix due to excessive accumulation of bacteria; prone to rupture, which could cause extremely large number of bacteria to be released into abdominal cavity, which can lead to peritonitis
Ileocecal valve
located at junction of ileum and cecum; regulates movement of food residue from small intestine into large intestine
