1. Systolic ejection murmur that decreases when squatting.
2. Systolic ejection murmur that increased when squatting.
1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
2. aortic stenosis
squatting ↑ preload (via ↑ afterload) → more blodd forced through aortic valve. Stenosis of HOCM is ↓ with ↑ preload
1. Cause of S3
2. Cause of S4
1. volume overload
2. stiff LV wall
What is a Tet spell
sudden hypoxemia and cyanosis in individual with Tetralogy of Fallot
What are the two main causes of hyaline arteriosclerosis and their pathogenesis?
1. Diabetes - glycosylation of proteins in basement membranes cause leakage of protein into vessel wall
2. Hypertension - pushes plasma proteins into the vessel wall
Tetrology of Fallot
1. Overriding Aorta - trunks do not partition equally. larger aorta than pulmonary
2. Pulmonary Stenosis
3. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
4. Right ventricular hypertroph
1. What causes rheumatic heart disease after strep A infection?
2. Vasculitis associated with hepatitis B seropositivity.
1. type II hypersensitivity - antibody complexes to M protein cross-react with heart tissue
2. polyarteritis nodosa
1. What is the most common cause of atrial fibrillation?
2. sawtooth pattern on EKG
1. atrial enlargement from congestive heart failure
2. atrial flutter
Which type of arteriosclerosis is seen in:
1. Malignant hypertension
2. long standing hypertension
