Question | Answer |
Chadwick's sign | A blueish -violet hue to the cervix and vagina |
Goodells sign | Softening of the cervix , felt by the examiner |
Embryo | The name given to the product of conception from the second through
The eighth week of pregnancy |
Fetus | The name given to the product of conception from the ninth week through the duration of the gestational period |
Chloasma | Mask of pregnancy |
Linea nigra | A dark line of pigmentation that may extend from the fundus to the symphysis
Pubis during pregnancy |
Striae gravidarum | Stretch marks on the abdomen, thighs, and breasts during pregnancy |
Quickening | Movement by the fetus felt by the mother |
Braxton hicks | Irregular contractions of the uterus that occur throughout pregnancy |
Ballottement | A technique that causes the fetus to bounce within the amniotic fluid, with the examiner feeling it rebound quickly |
Pregnancy known as gestational period | 9 calendar months or 10 Luna months
Forty weeks or 280 days
3 trimester - 3 months each trimester |
Fertilization/ conception | Union of a sperm and a mature ovum
Takes place in outer third of Fallopian tube |
Zygote | Initial name for fertilized ovum |
Embryo | Name of product of conception from the second through eight week of pregnancy |
Accessory structure of pregnancy / amniotic sac | Also known as the fetal membrane
Strong thin walled membranous sac that envelopes and protects the growing fetus |
Amniotic sac/ fetal membrane | Chorion = outer layer of the sac
Amnion = inner layer of the sac
Amnion fluid within sac to cushion and protect the fetus during pregnancy |
Placenta / 3 functions | Temporary organ of pregnancy provides for fetal respiration , nutrition , excretion
Functions as an endocrine gland by producing hormones necessary for normal growth |
HCG | Human chrorionic gonadotropin
Estrogen progesterone and HPL |
HPL | Human placental lactogen |
Placenta 2 sides | Maternal side ( attaches to the wall or uterus )
Has a beefy red appearance
Fetal side - contains arteries and veins intertwining to form the umbilical
Cord ( has a shiny slightly grey appearance )
Serves as a life line between mother and fetus |
Transports nutrients and wastes to and from developing fetus
Arises from the center of the placenta and attached to umbilicus of fetus | Fetal side of placenta / umbilical cord |
Amenorrhea | Absence of menstrution |
Changes in Uterus | Small pear shaped organ before pregnancy / then expands to accommodate
Growing fetus placenta amniotic sac , and fluid during pregnancy |
Changes in vagina | Bluish - violet hue due to increased blood supply in the cervix ...
Increased vaginal discharge and heavy shedding due to increase of glycogen
In vaginal cells |
Leukorrhea | Thick white vaginal discharge during pregnancy |
Secretion of colostrum | "Forerunner of breast milk" thin yellowish discharges from nipples |
Hypotension | During the second and third trimesters when supine
Weight of the pregnant uterus presses against the descending aorta and inferior vena cava
The mother may get hypotension making them dizzy / black outs due to the pressure |
Urination / 1 st trimester | More urine due to increasing size of the uterus creates pressure |
Urination / 2 nd trimester | Less urine uterus rises up out of the pelvis and the pressure on the bladder is relieved |
Urination / 3 rd trimester | More urine frequency returns due to pressure of the baby's head on the bladder |
Wadding qait | Wider stance due to softening of pelvic joints and relaxing of pelvic ligaments
Causes an offset of center of gravity |
Changes of skin | Increased warm/ sweating due to metabolism increased activity of sweat glands
Blemish / increase of sebaceous gland
Chloasma / hype pigmentation on forehead cheeks and bridge of nose |
A woman's body goes through changes except | Changes in bone structure |
Fetal heartbeat | Ultrasound 8-10 weeks ( earliest 5-6 weeks)
Fetoscope 18-20 weeks
Normal range 120 to 160 bpm |
Naegele's rule | Subtract 3 months from LMP and then add 1 yr and 7 days |
EDC | Expected date of confinement |
EDD | Expected date of delivery |
EDB | Expected date of birth |
Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before the fetus has reached a viability
( an age at which the fetus could live outside of the uterine environment ) |
Abruptio placenta | Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall
( can occur after the pregnancy has passed 20 weeks gestation or during labor) |
Ectopic pregnancy | Tubular pregnancy
Abnormal implantation of a fertilized egg(ovum) outside of the uterine cavity |
Gestational diabetes | Develop an inability to metabolize carbohydrates ( glucose intolerance) with resultant hyperglycemia |
Hellp syndrome | Serious obstetrical complication that occur in approximately 10 % of pregnant
Women with pre- eclampsia or eclampsia |
HELLP | Hemolytic anemia , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count |
Hellp diagnosis | Presents with malaise or a viral- type illness in 3rd trimester should be evaluated
Lab test include CBC / liver functions test |
Hydatidiform mole | Abnormal condition that begins as a pregnancy and deviates from normal
Development very early
Also called molar pregnancy , hydratid mole
Ovum deteriorates / chronic villi of placenta changes into a mass of cysts( resembling grapes) |
Hyperemesis gravidarum | Abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by severe vomiting that results in maternal dehydration and weight loss |
A molar pregnancy very quickly deviates from normal development
And does not produce an embryo/ fetus | True
The rapid and abnormal cell division cannot sustain life |
Incompetent cervix | Condition in which cervical os dilates before the fetus reaches term without
Labor or uterine contractions
2nd trimester / spontaneous abortion of fetus |
Placenta previa | Condition of pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus
3rd trimester ( classic symptoms) painless bleeding during 3rd trimester |
PIH | Pregnancy induced hypertension |
Pregnancy induced hypertension | Development of hypertension during pregnancy in women who had normal blood pressure readings prior to pregnancy |
3 categories of PIH | Gestational hypertension / develops after 20 weeks gestation no sign of
Edema or Proteinuria
Pre- eclampsia / after 20 weeks gestation with Proteinuria or edema
Eclampsia / most servere hypertension - seizures |
RH incompatibility | In compatibility between an RH - neg mothers blood with her RH - positive baby's blood
Causes mothers body to develope antibodies that's will destroy the RH - positive blood |
Bloody show | Occurs as a result of the softening , dialation, and effacement of the cervix in preparation for childbirth
/ vaginal discharge mixture of thick mucus and pink or dark brown blood |
Lightening | Settling of the fetal head into the pelvis
Occurs a few weeks prior to the onset of labor |
False contractions | Irregular
Not too frequent
Shorter duration
Not to intense
Discomfort felt in abdomen / groin area
Walking may relieve or decrease contractions
Effacement nor dilation of cervix , no change |
True contractions | Regular
More frequent
Longer duration more intense
Discomfort in lower back radiates to lower abdomen
Feels like Menstual cramps
Strengthen in contractions
Cervix effaces and dilates |
AFP screening | Serum screening test for levels of alpha - feta protein in the blood
Assists with the determination of the risk of birth defects :
Spina bifida / Down's syndrome / trisomy 18
Test done 15/21 weeks gestation |
Amniocentesis | Passage of a needle into the amniotic sac for the removal of amniotic fluid for examination |
Cesarean section | Sx proceedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and a baby is delivered transabdominally |
Chronic villus sampling | Test preformed in 1st trimester to detect chromosomal abnormalities
Small amount of placenta tissue is removed during 11-13 week contains same genetic data as the fetus
Check for Down's syndrome |
Fetal monitoring ( electronic ) | Use of an Electronic device to monitor fetal heart rate and maternal uterine
Contractions |