| Question | Answer |
| use to determine acid base balance | Arterial Blood Gases |
| which organ regulates PaCO2? Which one regulates HCO3 | lungs; kidneys |
| ABG pre-op | 1) tell pt of ARTERIAL PUNCTURE 2) obtain HEPARINIZED syringe and draw sample |
| ABG post-op | 1) REMOVE AIR BUBBLES from sample 2) place TUBE ON ICE and send for IMMEDIATE analysis 3) apply PRESSURE to puncture for 5 mins. 4) report results |
| Pulse ox measures ____ ____ saturation | arterial oxygen |
| metabolic range of HCO3 | 35-45 |
| PaCO2 range | 22-26 |
| substance that is released when cardiac cells die as a result of damage | cardiac enzymes |
| 3 areas where creatine phosphokinase found in high concentrations: | brain, heart, skeletal muscle |
| type of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) specific to heart tissue is: | CPK-MB |
| CPK rise, peak, return to normal: | 4-6 hours after AMI, 12-24hrs, RETURN TO NORMAL in 2-3 days |
| Name two cardiac protein markers | troponin and myoglobin |
| protein involved in contraction of muscles | Troponin T and I |
| Troponin is released into circulation after what event | AMI |
| T or F: Normal levels of troponin are detectable in healthy individuals | false: troponin is usually not detectable in healthy individuals |
| T or false: Troponin elevate significantly with angina and AMI | false: elevates significantly with AMI only and lesser with angina |
| Which lab test is done in an emergency department and why? | troponin because it is quicker than enzymes (slower than myoglobin..myo is the fastest but not specific to the heart) |
| CPK pre-op | 1) tell that blood sample is drawn 2) no special prep 3)draw specimen before other invasive procedure to detect AMI |
| CPK post-op | 1) check VENIPUNCTURE 2) apply pressure when oozing |
| Troponin pre-op | tell blood will be drawn; no special prep |
| troponin post-op | same as cardiac enzymes |
| protien released very quickly after an AMI: the fastest | Myoglobin |
| T or F: myoglobin lvls elevate after muscle damage of any cause | True, it is elevated with any muscle because it is not specific to the heart muscle |
| Mrs. Gorcyca said that with myoglobin other tests are ordered: name 3 | 1) MRI 2) troponin 3) CPK |
| myoglobin post and pre op | same as troponin |
| What are the 5 things included in CBC tests: hint first is WBC | WBC, RBC, Hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet |
| this count indicates body's ability to defend itself, give the normal range | WBC = 5,000-10,000 |
| in what two conditions are WBC elevated according to the book? what conditions are WBC below normal | 1) inflammatory processes such as AMI and bacterial infection 2) viral infection and bone marrow depression |
| determines ability of blood to carry O2 from lungs to tissues and CO2 to lungs; give normal range | RBC = 3,600,000-5,400,000 ....lots of zeros |
| RBCs are below when and elevated when | below = anemias, malignancies; elevated = dehydration |
| percentage of packed RBCs; give normal range | Hct = 37-54% |
| transports O2 to cells; give normal range | hgb = 12-17.5 |
| T or F: HGB is elevated in COPD, Dehydration and CHF | True |
| what level of HGB leads to heart failure | less than (<) 5 |
| smallest element in blood necessary for coagulaton; normal range is | platelets= 150,000-350,000 |
| anemia and bleeding range | below normal platelet, RBC, Hct, Hgb |
| during some heart disease and acute infections, platelet counts are elevated or depressed? | elevated |
| battery test measuring serum lipids | Lipid profile |
| what are the 3 most common lipids | cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotiens |
| normal adult serum lvl of cholesterol is: | less than 200md/dL |
| Elevated cholesterol lvls are associated w/ risks for 3 conditions | AMI, hypertnesion, CAD |
| HDLs and LDLs are associated w/ what cardiac disorder | CAD |
| give levels for HDL, LDL, and Triglyceride levels | HDL= greater than 40; LDL less than 100; less than 150 |
| what can you do to raise low lvls of HDL | physical activity at least 30 q day; no smoking; losing weight |
| Lipid pre op | 1) tell pt expect venipuncture 2) NPO 12HR BEFORE SAMPLE DRAWN 3) USUAL DIET for 2 weeks before procedure |
| lipid post op | same as cardiac enzymes |
| a cardiac hormone released during ventricular dilation and stretch (HF) | BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide |
| an acute phase protein and marker of inflammation | CRP= C-reactive protein |
| CRP can indicate what cardiac disorder | acute coronary syndrome ACS |
| BNP and CRP pre-op | tell blood is drawn, no special prep |
| BNP & CRP post op | same as cardiac enzyme |
| THE | END |
