| Question | Answer |
| environmental org, cause pulmonary disease, disseminated disease, infect immunocomp patients, nonpigmented on LJ, id by nucleic acid probes | m. avium complex |
| Gram-negative diplococci with flattened opposing margins. In direct smears, the cells are seen intracellularly in segmented neutrophils. The identification can be confirmed if acid is produced from glucose, but not from maltose, sucrose, or lactose. | N. gonorrhoeae |
| Does not hydrolyze indoxyl acetate or sodium hippurate. It is susceptible to cephalothin but resistant to nalidixic acid, profiles opposite to that of C. jejuni. Will not grow on campy selective media containing cephalothin. Does not grow at 42°C | C. fetus |
| eyeworm | loa loa |
| Contains supplements rich in cysteine, other aa, vit, hematin, and purines that are required for growth. It also contains antibiotics such as vancomycin, trimethoprim, and nystatin among others to enable recovery of N. gonorrhoeae from mixed cultures. | MTM |
| is the cause of a necrotizing lobar type pneumonia in which there is considerable hemorrhagic necrosis, leading to expectoratn of a "brick red" sputum that, when mixed with mucin, has a "currant jelly" appearance. | K. pneumoniae |
| simialar to SAB, inhibits some candida and crytococcus, aspergilluis fumigatus and pseudallescheria | mycosel |
| acute infectious infantile diarrhea, can cause death in infants | rotavirus |
| poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, occurs naturally only in humans | poliovirus |
| along oh, ms valley n appalachia, may cause skin lesions, yeast (broad based bud, double-contoured wall), mycelial (lollipop forms) | blastomyces dermatitidis |
| ONPG + (others neg) | S. arizona |
| Group B | S. flexneri |
| is endemic in the southern United States, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, and its virulence is moderate. | B. suis (swine) |
| old world hookworm | ancylostoma duodenale |
| Is the most frequently isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci from human sources. | Staphylococcus epidermidis |
| Exhaustion of nutrients, less viability | Stationary phase |
| assoc w/ shellfish; one of most stable viruses infectings humans | Hepatitis A virus (HAV) |
| bleachy odor, pits agar, 3 zones of growth, peridontal and jaw abscesses | eikenella |
| Enzyme synthesis and cell elongation | Lag phase |
| urease +. rose-brown reverse | trichophyton mentagrophytes |
| germ tube -, forms structure between tube and spore | candida tropicalis |
| green or blue-green colonies; branching or penicillus head, sterigmata blunt | penicillium |
| black colonies | aspergillus niger |
| feet, hands, and groin; macroconidia (large, smooth, club-shaped, found in singles or clusters at end of hyphae, 2-4 septa), olive green or khaki color | epidermophyton floccosum |
| Human infections that have been reported virtually always affect an individual who is debilitated, has compromised immune function, has a neoplastic disease, or has a chronic underlying disorder such as renal or hepatic failure. | C. fetus |
| Ground glass hemolytic colonies; non hemolytic, nonmotile, medusa head colonies, long bamboo shoots | Bacillus anthracis |
| colonies lavendar to purple; banana shaped macroconidia | fusarium |
| cryoptococcus neoformans (brown colonies) | bird seed agar |
| Pipericillin and tircarcillin clavulanate | Drug of choice for Alcaligenes faecalis |
| Two key characteristics separating species from certain closely related Enterobacter species are the lack of motility and the inability to decarboxylate ornithine. | Klebsiella |
| May cause septicemia | S. cholerasius |
| gn ana, rods variable in length and width | fusobacterium necrophorum |
| septate, sexual and asexual, produce asci | ascomycota |
| Ground glass hemolytic colonies; food poisioning, enterotoxin, beta hemolytic | B. cereus |
| broad fish tapeworm | diphyllobothrium latum |
| Small transparent colonies/wide zone of beta hemolysis. ID-Low conc of bacitracin (0.04 μg)/PYR +. | Group A streptococci |
| Is worldwide in distribution, and its virulence is mild to moderate. | B. abortus (cattle) |
| Morganella morganii can be found in the feces of humans, dogs, other mammals, and reptiles. It serves as a secondary pathogen in cases of urinary tract, respiratory tract, and wound infections. | Morganella morganii |
| Produces cytochrome oxidase and catalase (weakly), is non-motile (possesses no flagella) | Bordetella pertussis |
| Straight or slightly curved, slender, GNR. They are motile via polar flagella, r strict aerobes, n utilize carbs oxidatvly n never fermentatively. The temp range of growth for various strains extends from 4-43 deg Celsius. The cytochrome oxidase rxn is +. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin | Drug of choice Brucella melitensis |
| yellow conidia | aspergillus flavus |
| gn ana, highly pleomorphic | fusobacterium mortiferum |
| murine typhus, rat flea | r. typhi |
| Tumbling motility at 25C, but not 37C; cold enrichment, neonatal menigitis and sepsis, sepsis in immunocomp hosts | Listeria |
| Is most commonly isolated from urethral specimens, where it exists as a commensal/ similar to Moraxella species in being oxidase (+), nonmotile, and coccobacillary. Most strains grow on Mac, and(asaccharolytic). | Oligella urethralis |
| Lobar type pneumonia and bacterial meningitis in adults, infants, and toddlers. Diabetes and alcoholism are common conditions predisposing to serious pneumococcal infections. | Strep pnuemo |
| Transmission between animals is via ticks and biting flies. Humans acquire infection via the bites of infected ticks or deerflies or by direct contact with the tissues of infected animals, as can occur during the skinning and evisceration of game animals. | Francisella tularensis |
| penetration of the intestinal mucosa by the bacterial cells results in an inflammatory diarrhea similar to that produced by Shigella species. Blood, mucous, and segmented neutrophils are observed in fecal smears. | Enteroinvasive strains |
| acute mesenteric lymphadenitis and "pseudotubercules | Y. pseudotuberculosis |
| delicate hyphae, elippticak conidia with appearance of brain surface | acremonium |
| growth on BCYE, legionaires disease | legionella pneumophilia |
| Nosocomial infections most commonly involve the respiratory tract, the urinary tract, the genital tract, peritonitis in patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis, and postsurgical wounds. | Acinetobacter baumannii |
| yellow fever, dengue, st. louis encephalitis, mosquito vector | flavivirus |
| Produces yellow-green colonies/ fruity odor,Mac agar, is oxidase +, and asaccharolytic, hydrolysis of DNA, gelatin, and urea, and (-) reactions for indole, nitrate reduction, and hydrolysis of esculin and ONPG/ resistant to polymyxin B. | Flavobacterium odoratum |
| 5.0-6.0 pH | Fungi |
| Penicillin | Drug of choice for Staphylococcus epidermidis |
| cause endocarditis, can gicve false + gram rxn | cardiobacterium |
| Is one of several spiral-shaped bacteria that have been observed in gastric secretions. Can be recovered from the GI tract of humans and a variety of domestic and wild animals, including several species of birds. | Helicobacter pylori |
| Is widely distributed in the external environment. It may be found in 20 to 40% of the anterior nares of human adults. It also colonizes the skin, particularly in intertriginous areas such as the groin and axilla, and may be found in the vaginal canal | Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology |
| infection mononucleosis, chronic failure syndrome, assc w. burkett's lymphoma,heterophile ab | epstein-barr virus |
| It differs from Alcaligenes species by rapidly hydrolyzin urea n from Bordetella bronchiseptica by reducin nitrates n nitrites n failin to hydrolyze malonate. | O. ureolytica |
| Dead cells exced new cells | Death phase |
| Infectns r most severe in persons with underlying diseases such as alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, n chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pleuritis, Urinary tract infections, meningitis(in infants), n septicemia | K. pneumoniae |
| The spread of black/ bubonic plague is via rodents to fleas, fleas to rodents. | Yersinia pestis |
| large yeast with broad based buds | blastomyces dermatiditis |
| Motile by polar flagella, most are indole +, growth on mac, cellulitis, wound infections and diarrhea | Aeromonas |
| tinea (mostly in children), hair and skin, hair fluoresces, microconidia (small club-shaped), macroconidia (many, rough, spindle-shaped (except m.audouinii) | microsporum |
| pinworm | enterobius vermicularis |
| (D) Most common/ has its natural habitat in the fecal content of humans. Infections occur following ingestion of contaminated food or water/ Lactose -, nonmotile, anaerogenic | Shigella sonnei |
| Diseases include scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and nephritis. | Poststreptococcal |
| The reduction of nitrite (but not nitrate) and + phenylalanine deaminase activity are two characteristics that, when taken together, separate __________ from Moraxella species. | Oligella urethralis |
| assimilates only glucose and trehalose, no pseudohyphae | candida (torulopsis) glabrata |
| rare distorted macroconidia, terminal chlamydoconidia | microsporum audouinii |
| Needs >100,000 for infection, H2S +, Lysine +, Indole -, Urea - | Salmonella |
| respiratory infections | adenovirus |
| Red pigment/ DNase, gelatinase + | Serratia marcescens |
| ribbon-like aseptate hyphae; sexual and asexual | zygomycota |
| Is the species causing human infections, including 2 biovars, ss tularensis (North America), and ss palaearctica (Europe). Reservoirs of this bacterium include rabbits, rodents, squirrels, beavers, deer, and domestic animals | Francisella tularensis |
| yeast with pseudoyphae | candida sp. |
| Active reproduction | Log Phase |
| Hydrolysis of NA hippurate is useful in separating __________ (+) from other Legionella species (-). Phenotypic characterization less than satisfactory. ID: serologically using immunofluorescent ab testing. | L. pneumophila |
| schoolof fish, genital ulcers | h. ducreyi |
| Penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin 1st gen, erythromycin | S. pyo |
| causes primary atypical pneumonia, cold agglutinin titer | m. pneumoniae |
| blinding worm | onchocerca volvulus |
| Alpha hemolytic and smooth, moist, or mucoid/"checker piece" appearance/ susceptibile to either bile or ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride (Optochin) | Strep pnuemo |
| rickettsial pox, house mites | r. akari |
| hockey stick bud on one corner of arthroconidia | geotrichum |
| Catalase, Coagulase, Dnase, PYR, Nonmotile, Salt tolerance all + | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Test tube brush in gelatin, infection in fisherman, butchers, veterinarians | Erysipelothrix |
| typhus fever, louse | r. prowazekii |
| Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of infections with this organism. | B. cepacia |
| large intestinal roundworm | ascaris lumbricoides |
| Resistance to novobiocin is a key feature used in the presumptive identification of | S. saprophyticus |
| rabies, negri bodies in brain tissue of infected animals, rod or bullet shaped, wildlife- reservoir | rhabdovirus |
| found in dirt and on plants (rose gardener's mycosis), yeast (cigar bodies), mold (delicate hyphae with ovoid conidia along side or in rosettte heads) | sporothrix schenckii |
| Has its natural habitat as part of the normal nasal and skin flora of various domestic animals, including dogs, cats, and horses. It is the most common coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species recovered from the skin of dogs. | Staphylococcus intermedius |
| thick walled macroconidia; knobby end | microsporum canis |
| + rxns may be observed in as little as 1 hour. Cultures are not frequently attempted to establish a diagnosis. | Helicobacter pylori |
| threadworm | stronglyloides stercoralis |
| new world hookworm | necator americanus |
| mostly in adults; hair skin and nails; no fluorescing hairs | trichophyton |
| large yeast with multiple buds | paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
| fungi imperfecti, no sexual stage, many common pathogens | deuteromycota |
| 1."campy" agar to inhibit the overgrowth of the normal intestinal flora. 2.42°C, the optimum temperature for growth of this organism. 3.incubation atmosphere, consisting of 5% oxygen, 10% CO2, and 85% nitrogen. | C. jejuni |
| Is among the most commonly recovered bacterial species in the clinical laboratory. It is the cause of classic streptococcal pharyngitis, colloquially known as "strep throat." | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| bladder fluke | schistosoma haematobium |
| gp ana,terminal spores, racquet shaped, tetanus | c. tetani |
| gp ana, pseudomembranous colitis, CCFA agar, horse stable odor, spore former | c. dificile |
| Carbenicillin, Cephalosporin 2nd or 3rd, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, SXT | Acinetobacter baumannii |
| causes leprosy (hansen disease), infects skin, mucous membranes, nerves, causes a progressive disease that is treatable, grows best in armadillo footpads | m. leprae |
| Is infrequently recovered from human sources but is an important cause of infective abortion in cattle and sheep. It can be recovered from the placentas and stomach contents of the fetuses of aborted sheep and cattle. | C. fetus |
| pulmonary syndrome, hemorrhagic fever, rodent-borne | hantavirus |
| Molecular cloning of a specific DNA sequence/ if viral ab unknown matches clone, the viral id is confirmed | DNA probes |
| Long filamentous GNR w/ pleomorphic/ puffball or string of pearl colonies in thio broth/ rate bite fever haverhill fever/ acitic sample needed/ sps inhibits | Streptobacillus moniliformis |
| Growth observed on HE after 36 hrs incubation at 35°C. The colonies r entire, convex, smooth to shiny, and distinctly green, showing no evidence of the yellow pigmentn indicatin lactose fermentation. Some have black central pigmentn indicatn H2S prodctn. | Edwardsiella tarda |
| require x and v factors | haemophilus |
| urease +, brown colonies on birdseed agar, india ink | cryptococcus neoformans |
| south american blastomycosis, simulates tb, cutaneous lesions, yeast (multiple buds "mariner wheel"), mold (similar to lollipop forms) | paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
| Can be divided into one of 83 different capsular serotypes(Latex agg, coagg, or the Neufeld quellung rxn)3, 4, 14, and 19, are particularly virulent. The capsular material prevents phagocytosis and killing by the host phagocytic cells. | Strep pnuemo |
| budding from both corners of arthroconidia urease + | trichosporon |
| Cause undulant fever (Bang's disease)/grow slowly in culture/brucella agar or chocolate agar. Recovery in blood cultures is slow. Very small GNCB/ rapid urease reaction (1 hour on Christensen's urea agar). | Brucella |
| Exist in soil and water/ Blood, sputum, and urine are the most common sources and are often associated with nosocomial infections, nebulizers, respirators, and lavage fluids. | Alcaligenes faecalis |
| oriental blood fluke | schistosoma japonicum |
| clue cells; 10% koh added to discharge= fishy odor | gardenella vaginalis |
| rubella, vaccine available, contraindicated in pregnancy, spread by respiratory secretiions, seriuos congenital abnormalties | rubivirus |
| green conidia | aspergillus fumigatus |
| oriental/chinese liverfluke | clonorchis sinensis |
| Is a plant pathogen primarily causing onion bulb rot. It can be recovered from a wide variety of water sources, and in the hospital environment may be found on wet surfaces or where water accumulates, such as in nebulizer and bronchoscopy tubing, in irrig | B. cepacia |
| desert southwest and semiarid regions, yeast (spherules containing endospores), mycelial (alternatively staining arthroconidia) | coccidioides immitis |
| Diagnosis: visualize the thin, curved bacterial cells in histologic sections of gastric biopsy material or by demonstrating the rapid conversion of urea agar after implantation with a small portion of the biopsy. | Helicobacter pylori |
| Growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE) and no growth on blood agar is a presumptive clue that an isolate may be | Legionella species |
| decarboxylates ornithine and produces acid from adonitol and malonate, both of which are negative reactions for C. freundii. In contrast, C. freundii produces acid from melibiose and sucrose, both of which are negative for most strains of C. koseri. | C. koseri |
| Glucose(+) Maltose (+) Lactose (+) | N. lactamica |
| GNe sepsis and endotoxin-induced shock are serious complications. Urinary tract and wound infections, pneumonia in debilitated and immunocompromised patients, and neonatal meningitis are common infections. | Escherichia coli |
| hydatid tapeworm | echinococcus granulosus |
| 2 species: S. bovis and S. equi.
ID by + esculin hydrolysis in bile-esculin agar and by the inability to grow in 6.5% sodium chloride | Group D streptococci |
| needs 5-10% co2 or anaerobic conditions, gliding motility, fusiform shape; bacteremia | capnocytophaga |
| - spot indole test, using a small inoculum from a well-isolated colony. strong urease activity, the production of hydrogen sulfide, a positive reaction for ornithine decarboxylase, and the failure to hydrolyze esculin or ferment salicin | Proteus mirabilis |
| Can be recovered from H2O n soil sources n often is found in various moist hospital environments, tracheostomies, in-dwelling catheters, burns, and weeping cutaneous wounds. The exudation of blue pus with a grape-like odor is characteristic. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| rocky mt. spoted fever, tick | r. rickettsiae |
| beef tapeworm | taenia saginata |
| Apple-green fluorescing using the direct Ab fluorescent test. Potato-based Bordet Gengou (BG) agar; or, charcoal horse blood agar of Regan Lowe. | Bordetella pertussis |
| endospherules and endospores | coccidioides immitis |
| rate tapeworm | hymenolepis diminuta |
| Gray-white, smooth, opaque on BAP and choc, appear as small GNCBPR/ catalase and oxidase +. Asaccharolytic, strong DNase actvty, and the prodtn of beta lactamase/ separated from Neisseria species by hydrolysis of ester-linked butyrate groups (tributyrin) | Moraxella catarrhalis |
| Infections include meningitis, pneumonia, polynephritis, sepsis including endocarditis/in women, puerperal infection assctd w/ abortion and premature labor. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis | Streptococcus agalactiae |
| Can be suspected when GNDC or D-CB are observed in Gram stains. MacConkey growth (pinkish tinge). Lack of motility, absence of cytochrome oxidase activity, inability to reduce nitrates to nitrites, and resistance to penicillin. | Acinetobacter baumannii |
| GN Ana, catalase +, black colonies on BBE | bacteroides fragilis |
| Has a particular predilection for causing urinary tract infections in young, healthy, sexually active females. | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| Survives in various disinfectants, including povidone-iodine n quaternary ammonium complbs, n in fluids containin cycloheximide. Nosocomial infections pneumonia, septicemia, endocarditis, n septic arthritis, cystic fibrosis. | B. cepacia |
| seriuos respiratory infection in young children, giant multinucleated cells due to fusion of infected cells | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) |
| Produce H@S, a characteristic helpful in diffn it from C. koseri, which is H2S (-). differentiated from certain closely related Salmonella species by failure to decarboxylate lysine decarboxylase, hydrolyzing ONPG, and the ability to grow in KCN. | Citrobacter freundii |
| Each neutralize the effects of the fatty acids, metalic ions, and peroxidases also contained in the media. Growth require 2 - 4 days/ 35o C. 1-2 mm in diameter, entire, dome-shaped, gray and shiny, resembling drops of mercury. GNCB/ pleomorphic in older c | Bordetella pertussis |
| primarily recovered from the feces of humans, both with and without a diarrheal syndrome, with secondary spread to the urinary tract, wounds, and burns, where they cause infrequent infections. | Providencia |
| small intracellular yeast | histoplasma capsulatum |
| Prescence of viral ab of ag | EIA |
| Isolates have been reported from wounds, sputum, blood, and commonly from urine. necrotizing fasciitis and septicemia | Flavobacterium odoratum |
| is the most common cause of human infections and is the most virulent. It is found in the Mediterranean region, Latin America, and Asia. | Brucella melitensis (sheep, goats) |
| produce an illness characterized by fever, malaise, vomiting and diarrhea, primarily in children. | Enteropathogenic strains |
| gp ana, double zone of hemolysis, lecthinase +, gas gangrene, spores seldom observed | c. perfringens |
| septate; sexual, mushrooms,club fungi | basidiomycota |
| q fever, inhaled | coxiella burnetti |
| Hemorrhagic colitis results, manifest as abdominal cramps n watery diarrhea, followed by hemorrhagic discharge simulating a lower intestinal bleed. | Enterohemorrhagic strains: |
| Can be suspected in culture when large, mucoid colonies are recovered on 1. isolatn media. On Mac colonies are large, distinctly mucoid, n have a red pigmentatn that diffuses into the surroundin med. This pigment productn is abundant acid from lactose. | K. pneumoniae |
| Dog hookworm | ancylostoma caninum |
| conidiophore ends in swelling which carries sterigmata and chains of conidia, farmer's lung | aspergillus |
| Is the species most commonly associated with classic legionellosis.The most common manifestation is pneumonia. A milder form of the disease, Pontiac fever, presents as an influenza-like syndrome w/out sequelae and with few complications. | L. pneumophila |
| Penicillin and cephalosporin (1st generation) | Drug of choice for Staphylococcus aureus, Strep pneumo |
| GN nonfermenters that grow on Mac, oxidase +, and motile via peritrichous flagella. Synonymous with A. odorans/ apple odor/ green discoloration. asaccharolytic | Alcaligenes faecalis |
| Method in which nucleic acid seq can be amplified in vitro/ carried out in cycles, each doubling the amount of desired nucleic acid product | PCR |
| gp ana, sensitive to sps | p. anaaerobius |
| cephalosporin 3rd generation, ciprofloxacin, erythromicin | Drug of choice Bordetella pertussis |
| Incubation environments with reduced O (5-10%), increased CO2 (5-10%), and increased H (5-10%) at 37°C are the optimum conditions. Although selective "campy" agar may be used, a formulation devoid of cephalothin is necessary. | Helicobacter pylori |
| pork tapeworm | taenia solium |
| Exist in soil and water/ Blood, sputum, and urine are the most common sources and are often associated with nosocomial infections, nebulizers, respirators, and lavage fluids. | Alcaligenes faecalis |
| measles, more serious in adults than in children | morbillivirus |
| swarming colonies growing on bap/ odor-burned chocolate. id + spot indole test, using a small subculture. strong urease activity, H2S, - rxn for ornithine decarboxylase, and hydrolysis of esculin and the fermentation of salicin | P. vulgaris |
| gn ana pits agar, urease + | bacteroides ureolyticus |
| formerly non-a, non b hepatitis | Hepatitis c Virus (HAC) |
| Inhabiting the epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract only of man, to which the bacterial cells attach, invade, and survive. Highly contagious, transmitted from human to human via contaminated airborne respiratory droplets. | Bordetella pertussis |
| heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins are produced, resulting in a watery diarrhea similar to that produced by Vibrios cholerae. | Enterotoxigenic strains |
| chiefly serogroup 0157:H7, produce a toxin that has a cytotoxic effect on Vero cells (called a verotoxin), producin in vivo effects similar to that produced by Shiga toxin. | Enterohemorrhagic strains: |
| Erythromycin | Drug of choice for C. fetus and C. jejuni |
| manson's blood fluke | schistosoma mansoni |
| "dirty" gray on bap/produce a + spot indole test and dry pink-red colonies on Mac. The id confirmed by demonstrtin an acid slant/acid butt rxn on Kligler iron agar (fermenter), a + methyl red rxn, - Voges Proskauer, and - citrate utilizatn test results. | Escherichia coli |
| gp ana, molar tooth, branching, lumpy jaw, sulphur granules | actinomyces israelii |
| urease -, red reverse | trichophyton rubrum |
| An indole-positive variant of K. pneumoniae, is found primarily in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals but also may be recovered from vegetative matter and aquatic environments | Klebsiella oxytoca |
| bat and bird droppings; oh and ms river valley; infects RES (Bone marrow), yeast(very small), mycelial (tuberculate n macroconidia) | histoplasma capsulatum |
| dog/cat ascarid | toxocara canis/cati |
| Growth room temp and cold enrichment | Y. enterocolitica |
| Phenotypically resemble nonsaccharolytic Alcaligenes species, Bordetella bronchiseptica, n CDC group IVc-2, being motile via peritrichous flagella, oxidase (+), and(asaccharolytic). | O. ureolytica |
| inverted fried egg, dienes stain not gram stain | mycoplasma/ureaplasma |
| candida albicans (chlamydoconidia) | corn meal agar |
| The reduction of nitrates n nitrites (most strains) n + phenylalanine deaminase activity separates from CDC group IVc-2. Most human isolates have been from the urine, specifically in patients with long-term in-dwellin catheters | O. ureolytica |
| Was discovered more than 100 years ago by Hans Christian Gram. Crystal violet-primary stain. Gram's iodine-mordant to fix the dye. GP Bacteria retain the dye in cell wall. Acid alcohol-decolorizer. GN bacteria stain red Safranin-counterstain. | The Gram stain |
| 6.5-7.5 pH | Bacteria |
| Group C | S. boydii |
| Group B-specific antigen. Metabolism is fermentative with lactic acid produced as the chief end product. Narrow zone of beta hemolysis. + cAMP reaction/ hydrolyzes NA hippurate | Streptococcus agalactiae |
| Is a basic fluorochrome dye that binds nonspecifically to nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans. AO is useful in demonstrating bacteria in specimens where concentrations may be low. | Acridine orange |
| The combination characteristics of citrate negative, failure to produce hydrogen sulfide, and decarboxylation of ornithine | Morganella morganii |
| black dot ringworm, balloon forms, yellow red reverse | trichophyton tonsurans |
| dwarf tapeworm | hymenolepsis nana |
| Group A most severe | S. dysenteriae |
| small extracellular yeast | candida sp. or sporothrix schenckii |
| large intestinal fluke | fasciolopsis buski |
| recovered from soil, water, and any environment polluted with fecal material. part of the commensal flora of the LI of man and other animals. Most freq agent of uti and wound infectns, intestinal trauma and post colon surgery. | Proteus mirabilis |
| Typhoid fever. Blood + early (1st wk)/ stool + in 2nd/3rd wk | S. typhi |
| germ tube +, urease -, may be isolated in blood of immunosuppressed | candida albicans |
| Glucose (+) Maltose (+)(Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome | Neisseria meningitidis |
| common cold | rhinovirus |
| "Chinese Letters"; Metachromatic granules (Loeffler's Slants); tellurite hydrolysis (tinsdale agar); elek test determines toxin prod | Corynebacterium |
| gn ana, thin, fusiform rod, speckled col | fusobacterium nucleatum |
| Peridontal and jaw abscesses; high number in plague, center of colony has 4-6 pointed star | actinobacillus |
| thin walled macroconidia | microsporum gypseum |
| sheep liver fluke | fasciola hepatica |
| oriental lung fluke | paragonimus westermani |
| similar to actinobacillus, endocarditis | haemophilus aprophilus |
| Penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalosporin 1st gen, erythromycin | S. agalactiae |
| whipworm | trichuris trichiura |
| may infect 1/3 pop., res to drying, cauliflower colonies on LJ, mdr variants, id by nucleic acid probes, skin test for screening in US | mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Is the most important agent of diarrheal disease in humans. | C. jejuni |
| Does not ferment mannitol, produces alkaline phosphatase, produces positive reactions for acetoin (Voges Proskauer), reduces nitrates to nitrites, and hydrolyzes urea. Acid is produced from maltose, fructose, sucrose, and mannose. | S. epidermidis |
