| Question | Answer |
| What passes through the mental foramen? | the mental n. and artery. The inferior alveolar n and artery enter the mandibular foramen and exit the mental foramen as the mental n. and a. |
| What is the dental formula for humans? | 2-1-2-3. Incisors, canine, premolar, molars. |
| What passes through the infraorbital foramen? | terminal branch of maxillary n, infraorbital nerve and infraorbital vessels |
| What passes through the jugular foramen? | internal jugular vein, CNs IX, X, XI |
| What passes... through the stylomastoid foramen? | the facial n (CN VII) |
| Which triangle is the cervical plexus in? | posterior triangle |
| What are the nerves of the extraocular muscles? | All are innervated by CN III (Oculomotor) except lateral rectus(abducens) and superior oblique(trochlear) |
| What passes through the superior orbital fissure? | CN III, IV, VI, Opthalmic n and opthalmic veins |
| What are the branches of the opthalmic nerve (V-1)? | NFL. Nasociliary, frontal(supraorbital and supratrochlear), lacrimal |
| What are the branches of the maxillary nerve? (V-2)? | ZIPS. Zygomatic, infraorbital, palatine, superior alveolar |
| What are the major branches of the mandibular nerve (V-3)? | LABIAM. Lingual, Auriculotemporal, buccal, Inferior Alveolar, mylohyoid (nerve to) |
| What would a lesion to CN V cause? | loss of touch, pain, temp sensation, loss of afferent limb of corneal reflex, paralysis of mastication mm |
| What does CN V innervate? (Motor and sensory) | Motor: muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini, anterior belly of digastric |
| What are the contents of the carotid sheath? | IC 10CCs in the IV. Internal carotid, Vagus Nerve, Common Carotid, Internal jugular vein |
| What are the components of Horner's syndrome? | PAM. Ptosis, Anhidrosis, Miosis |
| What happens in facial nerve lesions? | muscular paralysis, possible loss of taste to anterior 2/3 tongue, loss of efferent limb of corneal reflex, possible decreased secretions from lacrimal/salivary glands |
| What does the Facial nerve innervate? (motor) | "facial expression to say PSS". muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric stapedius, stylohyoid, |
| What are the branches of the facial artery? | "Look at that stupid asshole". Labial (superior and inferior), angular, tonsillar, submental, ascending palatine |
| What does the hypoglossal n (CN XII) innervate? | Somatic motor innervation to all the "glossus" mm except palatoglossus since it is not really a tongue m |
| A lesion to the hypoglossal n would cause what? | deviate tongue to side of lesion |
| What two nerves come off of the facial nerve and what do they innervate? | Greater petrosal n.- motor to lacrimal gland, pregang PS to pterygopalatine ganglion. Chorda tympani- taste to anterior 2/3 tongue, pregang PS to submandilar gang |
| What is responsible for the Efferent limb of the corneal reflex? | Facial nerve (CN VII) |
| What is responsible for the Afferent limb of the corneal reflex? | Trigeminal nerve (CN V) |
| Why is there no lacrimal or salivary secretion effect in Bell's Palsy? | Because it is an irritation of the stylomastoid foramen, and Greater petrosal and chorda tympani branch off before that |
| What does the Vagus nerve innervate? | carotid body/sinus, pharynx/larynx, thoracic/abdominal viscera, dura mater and external ear |
| What are the two ganglia for the vagus nerve? | Superior ganglion- somatic sensory, Inferior/nodose ganglion- visceral sensory |
| What are the two laryngeal nerves that the vagus nerve branches off into? | 1) recurrent laryngeal nn--> inferior laryngeal nn. 2) superior laryngeal nn--> internal and external laryngeal nn |
| What are the 2 limbs of the gag reflex? | Sensory is glossopharyngeal n, motor is vagus n |
| What would a lesion to the Vagus nerve cause? Motor, then sensory | Motor- increased heart rate, reduced peristalsis, decreased secretions (since it is parasympathetic and these things cannot occur). Sensory- loss of perception of dura and external ear |
| What does the inferior laryngeal n innervate? | All of the phonation muscles |
| What do the two branches of superior laryngeal innervate? | 1) Internal laryngeal n- sensory to larynx. 2) External laryngeal n- motor to cricothyroid m |
| What innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? | Glossopharyngeal does both motor and sensory for the posterior 1/3 |
| What would a lesion of the Hypoglossal nerve do to the carotid body/sinus? | interrupt homeostasis, very serious if bilateral |
| What would hypoglossal n lesion do to pharynx? | would weaken swallowing, since it innervates stylopharyngeus m which elevates the pharynx |
| Describe the anastamosis in the nasal cavity. | Between anterior/posterior ethmoid aa (opthalmic, internal carotid) and sphenopalatine a (maxillary, external carotid) |
| Describe an epidural bleed. | Middle meningeal a rupture. Lens like shape on CT. Talk and Die syndrome |
| Describe a subarachnoid hemorrhage. | worst headache of my life! cerebral aa bleed in subarachnoid space |
| Describe subdural bleed. | bridging veins ruptured. |
| How can a superficial infection of the scalp transfer deeper into the cranial cavity? | via Emissary veins |
| Where is the cervical plexus located? | Deep to SCM, b/t levator scapulae and middle scalene mm |
| What are the 4 sensory divisions of the cervical plexus? | Lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular |
