| Question | Answer |
| abduction | the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| atonic | lacking normal muscle tone or strength |
| atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures |
| biceps | brachii biceps, formed from two divisions |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems |
| circumduction | the circular movement at the distal(far) end of a limb |
| contraction | the tightening of a muscle |
| contracture | the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues |
| cramp | a localized muscle spasm named for its cause |
| deltoid muscle | forms the muscular cap of the shoulder |
| depression | the act of lowering a body part |
| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| electromyography | a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation |
| elevation | the act of raising or lifting a body part |
| ergonomics | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb |
| fascia | the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles or groups of muscles |
| fasciitis | inflammation of a fascia |
| fasciotomy | a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure |
| fibromyalgia syndrome | a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body |
| hyperextension | the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit |
| hypertonia | a condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles |
| hypokinesia | abnormally decreased muscle function or activity |
| hypotonia | a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| muscular dystrophy | a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system |
| myalgia | tenderness or pain in the muscles |
| myocele | the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it |
| myectomy | the surgical excision of a portion of a muscle |
| myocardial muscles | form the muscular walls of the heart |
| myomalacia | abnormal softening of muscle tissue |
| myoplasty | the surgical repair of a muscle |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| paralysis | the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply |
| paraplegia | the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
| plantar flexion | bends the foot downward at the ankle |
| pronation | the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremeties |
| relaxation | when a muscle returns to its original form |
| RICE | Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
| rotation | turns a bone on its own axis |
| shin splint | a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia |
| skeletal muscles | voluntary, striated, attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible |
| smooth muscles | involuntary, unstriated, located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands |
| spasm | a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles |
| sphincter | a ring-like muscle that tightly constructs the opening of a passageway |
| spinal cord injury | the type of paralysis is determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury |
| sprain | an injury of a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament |
| strain | an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon |
| supination | the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, is turned forward or upward |
| tendinitis | an inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint |
| tendon | a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone |
| tenodesis | the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| transverse | in a crosswise direction |
| triceps | formed from three divisions |
