| muscle | O.I.A. |
| iliocostalis lumborum | O: lumbodorsal fascia
I: lower 6 ribs
A: spine extension |
| iliocostalis thoracis | O: lower 6 ribs
I: upper 6 ribs
A: spine extension |
| iliocostalis cervicis | O: ribs 3, 4, 5
I: transverse processes of 4, 5, 6 cervical vert.
A: spine extension |
| longissimus throacis | O: lumbodorsal fascia
I: transverse processes of all thoracic vert. & adjacent rib surface
A: spine extension |
| longissimus cervicis | O: transverse processes of upper 4 or 5 thoracic vert.
I: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 cervical vert. transverse processes
A: spine extension w/ other 2 longissimus musc. |
| longissimus capitis | O: lower 4 cervical vert. & upper 4 thoracic vert.
I: mastoid process of temporal bone
A: spine extension; head extension - lat. flexion and rotation |
| spinalis thoracis | O: spines of 11 & 12 thoracic vert. & 1 and 2 lumbar vert.
I: spines of upper 8 thoracic vert.
A: spine extension |
| spinalis cervicis | O: lower ligamentum nuchae; 7th cervical vert.; 1 & 2 thoracic vert.
I: spine of axis (2nd cerv. vert.)
A: spine extension; neck lateral flexion |
| spinal capitis | O: transverse processes of 4, 5, 6, 7 cervical vert. & first 6 or 7 thoracic vert.
I: occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: spine extension; head extension, lateral flexion & rotation |
| rectus femoris | O: inferior, anterior spine of ilium; deflected head: upper lip of acetabulum
I: upper border of patella through quadriceps tendon
A: hip flexion & knee extension |
| vastus lateralis | O: anterior, upper femur and right angles to the intertrochanteric line; lateral lip of gluteal line; lateral edge of upper 2/3 Linea Aspera
I: upper, lateral patella
A: knee extension |
| vastus medialis | O: distal half of intertrochanteric line; medial lip of Linea Aspera; medial supracondylar line
I: upper medial border of patella
A: knee extension |
| vastus intermedius | O: upper, anterior & lateral 2/3 femur
I: upper lip of patella
A: knee extension |
| biceps femoris | O: ischial tuberosity; lower half of Linea Aspera
I: head of fibula adjacent tibia
A: hip extension; knee flexion; leg outward rotation; leg adduction |
| semitendinosis | O: ischial tuberosity
I: upper, anterior, medial tibia
A: hip extension, knee flextion; leg adduction; leg inward rotation |
| semimebranosus | O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior, medial, upper tibia
A: hip extension; knee flexion, hip adduction; leg inward rotation |
| gluteus maximus | O: posterior gluteal line; posterior iliac crest; lateral surface of sacrum & coccyx
I: superficial fibers; ilio-tibial band; deep fibers gluteal line on posterior femur
A: hip extension; hip adduction; hip outward rotation |
| gluteus medius | O: upper lateral surface of ilium
I: superior surface of greater trochanter
A: leg flexion (anterior fibers); leg outward rotation; posterior fibers leg extension; leg abduction |
| gluteus minimus | O: lateral surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: superior surface of greater trochanter
A: anterior fibers leg flexion; leg inward rotation; leg abduction |
| opponens pollicis | O: trapezium (GM); flexor retinaculum
I: lateral border of 1st metacarpal
A: opposition & thumb adduction |
| abductor pollicis brevis | O: trapezium (GM); scaphoid (navicular); transverse carpal ligament
I: base of 1st phalange of thumb (lateral)
A: thumb abduction & thumb opposition |
| adductor pollicis | O: distal 2/3 of 3rd metacarpal; base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals and top of capitate
I: inside base of 1st phalange of thumb
A: thumb adduction & thumb flexion |
| flexor pollicis brevis | O: inside base of 1st metacarpal; trapezium; flexor retinaculum
I: base of 1st phalange of thumb
A: thumb flexion; thumb adduction; thumb opposition |
| opponens digiti minimi | O: hamate; flexor retinaculum
I: outside surface of 5th metacarpal
A: little finger/thumb opposition; little finger adduction; little finger flexion |
| abductor digiti minimi | O: pisiform & tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (which inserts on hamate)
I: base of 1st phalange of little finger
A: abduction of little finger; flexion of little finger |
| flexor digiti minimi brevis | O: hamate & flexor retinaculum
I: base of 1st phalange of little finger (outside)
A: little finger flexion; opposition |
| dorsal interossei | O: adjacent sides of all 5 metacarpals (except extreme lateral and medial sides)
I: base of 1st phalange of 2nd, 3rd, 4th fingers
A: abducts fingers 2 & 4; finger extension (through tendon of extensor digitorum) |
| palmar interossei | O: 2nd, 4th, & 5th metacarpals (facing middle finger)
I: base of 1st phalange of 2, 4, 5 fingers (facing middle finger)
A: finger adduction; finger flexion |
| lumbricales | O: 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus above carpal/metacarpal junction
I: tendons of fdp AND posteriorly on the tendons of the extensor digitorum communis
A: finger flexion through the tendons of the fdp; finger extension through tendons of edc |
| gastrocnemius | O: medial & lateral epicondyles of femur, above each condyle
I: posterior calcaneum through achilles tendon
A: knee flexion; plantar flexion |
| soleus | O: upper 1/3 of posterior fibula; head of fibula; popliteal line; middle 1/3 medial border of tibia
I: posterior calcaneum through achilles tendon
A: plantar flexion |
| plantaris | O: posterior, lateral epicondyle of femur
I: posterior calcaneum
A: plantar flexion; knee flexion |
| popliteus | O: posterior, lateral epicondyle of femur
I: popliteal surface of tibia
A: knee flexion |
| tibialis anterior | O: lateral condyle of anterior tibia; 2/3 anterior tibia
I: plantar surface of 1st cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal
A: dorsal flexion; inversion |
| tibialis posterior | O: middle 1/3 of posterior, lateral tibia; middle 1/3 of posterior, medial fibula
I: goes around inside ankle bone to plantar surface to foot
A: plantar flexion; inversion |
| extensor digitorum longus | O: lateral condyle of tibia; head of fibula; upper 3/4 anterior fibula
I: split by tendon down each of the lesser toes to 2nd & 3rd phalange
A: dorsal flexion; toe extension; eversion |
| flexor digitorum longus | O: posterior middle 1/3 tibia
I: on 3rd phalange of 4 toes; around inside ankle bone to plantar surface of foot then divides into 4 tendons going to 4 lesser toes
A: toe flexion; plantar flexion; inversion |
| extensor hallucis longus | O: middle half of anterior fibula
I: base of distal phalange of big toe
A: big toe extension; ankle dorsal flexion; inversion |
