Principles of Infection Control
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| the state of being free from all pathogenic organisms | asepsis
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| microorganisms that cause disease | pathogens
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| a helpful and necessary balance of microorganisms that provide natural immunity against certain infections | normal flora
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| what does a miccroorganism require to sustain life, grow, and develop? | O2,pH,temperature,nutrients, water and a host to inhabit
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| people, equipment, food, water, animals, insects are examples of | reservoir or source
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| indirect contact, direct contact, bloodborne, airborne, ingestion are examples of | means of transmissions
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| non intact mucous membranes, reproductive,digestive and respiratory systems are examples of | portal of entry to host
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| What are the most common infectious agents? | bacteria,viruses,fungi,parasites,protozoa
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| infectious agent leaves the resevoir through a | portal of exit
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| how the infectious agent travels through the portal of exit into a susceptible person | means of tranmission
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| person that is capable of being infected | susceptible host
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| the vapor generated from a cough or sneeze can travel up to | three feet
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| the stages of the infectious disease process | incubation;prodromal;acute;declining; convalesant
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| Also called the silent stage and ends with the first symptoms of being sick | incubation stage
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| begins with the first onset of S&S of being sick, last 1-2 days | prodromal stage
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| when the disease reachest its highest point of development, most severe S&S occur | acute stage
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| S&S start to subside but infection is still present | declining stage
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| S&S are gone, pathogen has left, return to normal state of health | convalescent stage
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| treat all blood/body fluids as if they are infectious | universal precautions
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| an example of a guideline for disease prevention and safety | no direct patient contact with open wounds or sores
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| according to the CDC you must do what for 1-2 minutes initially then 15sec. before and after each patient contact | wash hands
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| PPE incudes | gloves;masks;gowns;labcoats;face sheilds;safety glasses/googles
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| washing and scrubbing equipment to remove blood, body fluids and tissue is called | sanitization
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| process of using chemicals to kill microorganisms | disinfection
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| process that destroys all forms of living organisms | sterilization
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| sterilizing articles using steam under pressure | autoclaving
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| common low level household disinfectants | bleach and isopropyl alcohol
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| disinfectants don't always kill | spores
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| practices used to reduce the number of micro organisms once they leave the body | medical asepsis
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| this is not a substitute for hand washing | wearing gloves
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| study of infectious diseases | epidemiology
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| process by which all disposable invasive and medical items are destroyed by flame | incineration
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| PPE stands for | personal protective equipment
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| alcohol based hand sanitizer should contain what percent of alcohol to be affective? | 60-90%
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| includes universal precautions but adds BSI, which requires the HCW to use additional PPE depending on the potential exposure to blood and OPIM | standard precautions
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| added to standard precautions, designed to specifically address the transmission of a specific infection | transmission precautions
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| CDC | Centers for Disease Control
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| Elements of the infection cycle are | infectious agent;reservoir or source; portal of exit;means of transmission;portal of entry; susceptible host
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| procedures and practices used to destroy all microorganisms from instruments and additional objects before they enter a person | surgical asepsis
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| bodys ability to defend itself against pathogens and toxins | immunity
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| this occurs when antibodies are passed from a mother to fetus | natural passive immunity
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| occurs as a result of direct exposure to the antigen and the body builds its own protection | natural active immunity
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| occurs as a result of being given either the antigen or antibody to stimulate an antibody reaction | artificial immunity
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| vaccine that is a weakened form of the antigen | live attenuated
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| vaccines that are inactivated toxins produced by pathogen | toxoid vaccine
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| the bodies attempt to protect itself from microorganisms that enter the body and to heal and replace injured tissue | inflammatory response
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| an infected person trasmits pathogens to another individual through physical contact | direct contact
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| transmission that occurs through ingesting contaminated food or water;poor hand washing after coming in contact with contaminated items | indirect contact
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| transmission that occurs when a pathogen is transmitted through the air | airborne tranmission
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| occurs when an infected person coughs or sneezes | droplet transmission
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| when a mother infects a child either in utero; breast feeding or during the birthing process | vertical transmission
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| person becomes infected as a result of medical treatment; procedures; injections; surgeries | latrogenic transmission
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| handwashing is and example of | medical asepsis
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