Anatomy and Physiology Ch. 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| the study of cellular structure and function is: | show 🗑
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| show | the structural and functional and unit of all living matter
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| Cell membrane | show 🗑
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| show | semipermeable
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| show | the control center
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| what surround the nucleus? | show 🗑
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| show | double layered wall the contains large pores that allow the free movement of certain substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm
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| nucleoplasm | show 🗑
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| nucleolus | show 🗑
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| show | composed mainly of strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the carriers of genetic codes
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| show | the "gel in the cell" is found inside the cell but not in the nucleus
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| Cytosol | show 🗑
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| show | inclusion bodies are temporary structures that appear and disappear they are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm; each organelle has a specific role
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| mitochondria | show 🗑
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| cristae | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasmic organelles involved with protein synthesis
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| show | a network of membranes within the cytoplasm.
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| Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) | show 🗑
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| show | is primarily involved w/ the synthesis of lipids, steroids, glycerides, and glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver cells
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| Golgi Apparatus | show 🗑
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| Lysosomes | show 🗑
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| show | composed of threadlike structures called microfilaments and microtubules. it helps maintain shape of the cell and assists the cell in various forms of cellular movement.
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| centrioles | show 🗑
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| microvilli | show 🗑
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| cilia | show 🗑
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| show | similar to cilia in that both are hair-like projections of the cell membrane. flagella, however, are thicker, longer, and fewer in number; they help move the cell
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| passive transport | show 🗑
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| show | require an input of energy in the form of ATP.
EXAMPLE: ball moving up a hill
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| Diffusion | show 🗑
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| Equilibrium | show 🗑
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| facilitated diffusion | show 🗑
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| show | a special case of diffusion. the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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| show | the ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell
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| show | the same concentration as intracellular fluid (cell neither loses nor gains water)
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| show | having a solute concentration less than that of a reference solution (causes RBCs to burst)
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| show | breakdown of erythrocytes
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| Hypertonic solution | show 🗑
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| show | water and dissolved substances cross the membrane in response to differences in pressures
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| why is it necessary to pump certain substances? | show 🗑
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| Endocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | if endocytosis involves a solid particle it is called:
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| pinocytosis | show 🗑
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| Exocytosis | show 🗑
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| cell division | show 🗑
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| show | involved in the bodily growth and repair. splitting of one mother cell into two identical "daughter cells."
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| show | the sequence of events that the cell goes through from one mitotic division to the next
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| show | the cell carries on with its normal functions and gets ready for mitosis through growth and DNA replication. Interphase is divided into three phases first gap phase (G1), phase (S), and second gap phase (G2)
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| First Gap Phase (G1) | show 🗑
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| Phase(S) | show 🗑
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| show | Final preparatory phase for cell division; it includes the synthesis of enzymes and other proteins needed for mitosis
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| what are the four phases of mitosis in the correct order? | show 🗑
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| show | First in mitosis, the chromosomes coil so tightly that they become visible under a light microscope. late in this phase the nuclear membrane disappears
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| Metaphase | show 🗑
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| Anaphase | show 🗑
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| show | each new cell reverts to the interphase state; nuclei reform, the chromosomes uncoil, and the chromatin strands reappear
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| Cytokinesis | show 🗑
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| show | when the cells start to specialize
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| what does it mean when a tissue biopsy shows many poorly differentiated cells? | show 🗑
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| show | are relatively undifferentiated or unspecialized cells whose only function is the production of additional unspecialized cells
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| show | Benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
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| show | the spreading of cancer cells
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| show | programmed sequence of events that leads to cell death
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| the plasma membrane is composed of? | show 🗑
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| show | hydrophobic
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| show | anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins cell membrane
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| Tublin is a | show 🗑
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| show | mitochondria
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| organelles that break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide are? | show 🗑
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| show | Digestion of foreign material
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| show | Nucleolus
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| most of a cell's DNA is located in its? | show 🗑
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| show | Genes
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| in cells that are not dividing, chromosomes uncoil to form a tangle of fine fibers known as? | show 🗑
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| the process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called? | show 🗑
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| The process of forming mRNA is called? | show 🗑
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| show | Replication
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| the copying of DNA to mRNA is? | show 🗑
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| The reading of the mRNA by the cell to make a protein is? | show 🗑
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| show | endocytosis and exocytosis
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| a defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates | show 🗑
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| show | Interphase
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| A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the ___ phase. | show 🗑
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| show | mitosis
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| show | Neoplasm
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| ________ are responsible for identifying and digesting damaged or denatured proteins | show 🗑
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| _________ cells are all of the cells of the body except the reproductive cells (sperm and oocytes) | show 🗑
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| Histones are found in? | show 🗑
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| show | oncogene
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| What are the building blocks of all plants and animals? | show 🗑
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| show | -respond to the environment
-maintain homeostasis at the cellular level
-modify structure and function over time
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| show | cannot be removed w/o causing harm to the membrane.
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| Peripheral Proteins | show 🗑
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| show | bind the cell membrane to other structures, cytoskeleton inside the cell, other cells outside the cell
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| show | -label cells normal or abnormal
-many are glycoproteins
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| show | receptive to extracellular molecules called ligands
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| carrier Proteins | show 🗑
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| show | regulate water flow and solutes through the membrane
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| show | Catalyze reactions in extracecellular or extracellular fluid
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Created by:
crystell
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