Upper Extremities Finger - Shoulder
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How many bones does a hand have? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Name the proximal row of carpals: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Name the distal row of the carpals: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1 & smallest arc is the trochlear sulcus. 2nd & intermediate arc appears double-lined as the outer ridges or rounded edges of the capitulum and trochlea. The trochlear notch of the ulna appears as a 3rd arc of a true lateral elbow.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The ulnar deviation movement of the wrist “opens up” and best demonstrates the carpals on the opposite side (the radial or lateral side) of the wrist— the scaphoid, trapezium, and trapezoid. Because the scaphoid is the most frequently fx carpal bone...
🗑
|
||||
| Radial deviation - why is it used? | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP projections of the elbow a lateral rotation: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | superimposes the radius and ulna
🗑
|
||||
| The height of the tabletop should be: | show 🗑
|
||||
| The principal exposure factors for radiography of the upper limbs are as follows: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
Increase 5 kV to 7 kV
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increase 8 kV to 10 kV
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increase 3 kV to 4 kV
🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum SID— 40 inches (102 cm)
IR size— 18 × 24 cm (8 × 10 inches), crosswise (multiple exposures) or lengthwise (single exposure)
Digital systems—55 to 60 kV range
🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: FINGERS Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pronate hand with fingers extended.
Center and align long axis of affected finger with long axis of IR.
Separate adjoining fingers from affected finger.
🗑
|
||||
| show | at the PIP joint
🗑
|
||||
| show | Distal, middle, and proximal phalanges; distal metacarpal; and associated joints.
🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: FINGERS how can you tell if there is no rotation in a pa finger projection? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum SID— 40 inches (102 cm)
IR size— 18 × 24 cm (8 × 10 inches), crosswise (multiple exposures) or lengthwise (single exposure)
Digital systems—55 to 60 kV range
🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION—MEDIAL OR LATERAL ROTATION: FINGERS Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fingers extended against 45° foam wedge, place hand in a 45° lateral oblique(thumb side up) or put hand on cassette so that the long axis of the finger is aligned with the long axis of the IR. in a 45°oblique and parallel to iR.
🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION—MEDIAL OR LATERAL ROTATION: FINGERS CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 45° oblique view of distal, middle, and proximal phalanges; distal metacarpal; and associated joints.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum SID— 40 inches (102 cm)
IR size— 18 × 24 cm (8 × 10 inches), crosswise (multiple exposures) or lengthwise (single exposure)
Digital systems—55 to 60 kV range
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTIONS: FINGERS Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to pip joint
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTIONS: FINGERS Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: THUMB Minimum SID — IR size — KV kV range - | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: THUMB Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Demonstrate this awkward position on yourself, so the patient can see how it is done & better understand what is expected. Internally rotate hand with fingers extended until posterior surface of thumb is in contact with IR.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Center first MCp joint to CR and to center of IR. Immobilize other fingers with tape to isolate thumb if necessary.
🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: THUMB Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum SID— 40 inches (102 cm)
IR size— 18 × 24 cm (8 × 10 inches), crosswise (multiple exposures) or lengthwise (single exposure)
Digital systems—55 to 60 kV range
🗑
|
||||
| show | Seat patient at end of table, with elbow flexed
about 90° with hand resting on IR.
🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION—MEDIAL ROTATION: THUMB Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to first MCp joint
🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION—MEDIAL ROTATION: THUMB Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL POSITION: THUMB Minimum SID — IR size — KV - | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Seat patient at end of table, with elbow flexed
about 90° with hand resting on IR.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Start with hand pronated and thumb abducted, with fingers and hand slightly arched; then rotate hand slightly medial until thumb is in true lateral position. (You may need to provide a sponge or other support under lateral portion of hand.)
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL POSITION: THUMB CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL POSITION: THUMB Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP AXIAL PROJECTION (MODIFIED ROBERT’S METHOD)*: THUMB | show 🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: HAND Minimum SID — IR size — KV - SAME ON PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION: HAND | show 🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: HAND Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: HAND Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to third MCp joint
🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: HAND Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION: HAND Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to third MCp joint
🗑
|
||||
| show | Oblique projection of the entire hand and wrist and about 2.4 cm (1 inch) of distal forearm are visible.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum SID—40 inches (102 cm) •
IR size—24 × 30 cm (10 × 12 inches),lengthwise
65 to 70 kV range
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rotate into lateral position with thumb side up. Spread fingers and thumb into a fan Position, &support each digit on Radiolucent block.Ensure that ALL are separated and parallel to iR and that the mCs are not rotated but remain in a true lateralposition.
🗑
|
||||
| “FAN” LATERAL—LATEROMEDIAL PROJECTION: HAND CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Entire hand and wrist and about 2.5 cm (1 inch) of distal forearm are visible.
🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: WRIST Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Seat patient at end of table with elbow flexed about 90° and hand and wrist resting on IR, palm down. Drop shoulder so that shoulder, elbow, and wrist are on same horizontal plane
🗑
|
||||
| show | Align and center long axis of hand and wrist to IR, with carpal area centered to CR.
• With hand pronated, arch hand slightly to place wrist and carpal area in close contact with iR.
🗑
|
||||
| PA PROJECTION: WRIST CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Midmetacarpals and proximal metacarpals; carpals; distal radius, ulna, and joints; and soft tissues of the wrist joint, such as fat pads and fat stripes, are visible
🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION: WRIST Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Seat patient at end of table, with elbow flexed
about 90° and hand and wrist resting on IR, palm down.
🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION: WRIST Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION: WRIST CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION: WRIST Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: WRIST Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Seat patient at end of table, with arm and forearm resting on the table and elbow flexed about 90°. Place wrist and hand on IR in thumb-up lateral position. Shoulder, elbow, and wrist should be on same horizontal plane.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Adjust hand and wrist into a true lateral position, with fingers comfortably flexed; if support is needed to prevent motion, use a radiolucent support block and sandbag, and place block against extended hand and fingers
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: WRIST CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: WRIST Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Angle CR 10° to 15° proximally, along long axis of forearm and toward elbow. (CR angle should be perpendicular to long axis of scaphoid.)
• Center CR to scaphoid. (Locate scaphoid at a point 2 cm [34 inch] distal and medial to radial styloid process.)
🗑
|
||||
| CARPAL CANAL (TUNNEL)—TANGENTIAL, INFEROSUPERIOR PROJECTION: WRIST CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: FOREARM Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Seat patient at end of table, with hand and arm
fully extended and palm up (supinated).
🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: FOREARM Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to mid-forearm
🗑
|
||||
| show | AP projection of the entire radius and ulna is shown, with a minimum of proximal row carpals and distal humerus and pertinent soft tissues, such as fat pads and stripes of the wrist and elbow joints.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum SID—40 inches (102 cm)
IR size—30 × 35 cm (11 × 14 inches), for smaller patients; 35 × 43 cm (14 × 17 in), for long forearms, lengthwise
70-75 KV
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: FOREARM Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Drop shoulder to place entire upper limb on same horizontal plane.
Rotate hand and wrist into true lateral position, and support hand to prevent motion, if needed. (Ensure that distal radius and ulna are superimposed directly)
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: FOREARM CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: FOREARM Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: ELBOW Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: ELBOW Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: ELBOW Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to mid-elbow joint, which is approximately 2 cm (3/4 inch) distal to midpoint of a line between epicondyles
🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: ELBOW Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lateral (external rotation) oblique Best visualizes radial head and neck of the radius and capitulum of humerus
(supinated hand)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Medial (internal rotation) oblique Best visualizes coronoid process of ulna and trochlea in profile
(pronated hand)
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: ELBOW Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Seat patient at end of table, with elbow flexed
90°
🗑
|
||||
| show | Center elbow joint to CR and to center of IR. Drop shoulder so that humerus and forearm are on same horizontal plane. Rotate hand and wrist into true lateral position, thumb side up.
🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: ELBOW CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| LATERAL PROJECTION: ELBOW Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | lesser tubercle
🗑
|
||||
| Located laterally on proximal humerus in a true AP projection. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The expanded distal end of the spine of the scapula that extends superiorly and posteriorly to the glenoid cavity (fossa). | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | External rotation
🗑
|
||||
| In this rotation position, the epicondyles of the distal humerus are perpendicular to the iR, placing the humerus in a true lateral position. The hand must be pronated and the elbow adjusted to place the epicondyles perpendicular to the iR | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: HUMERUS Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: HUMERUS Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: HUMERUS Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: HUMERUS CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: HUMERUS Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| TRANSTHORACIC LATERAL PROJECTION: HUMERUS Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Place patient in an erect or supine position. Place patient in lateral position with side of interest closest to IR. With patient supine, place portable grid lines horizontally and center CR to centerline to prevent grid cutoff
🗑
|
||||
| show | Place affected arm in neutral rotation; drop shoulder if possible. Raise opposite arm and place hand over top of head; elevate shoulder as much as possible to prevent superimposition of affected shoulder. Ensure that thorax is in a true lateral position
🗑
|
||||
| show | Center mid-diaphysis of affected humerus and center of IR to CR as projected through thorax.
CR perpendicular to IR, directed through thorax to mid-diaphysis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lateral view of entire humerus and glenohumeral joint should be visualized through the thorax without superimposition of the opposite humerus.
🗑
|
||||
| show | •Minimum SID—40 inches
IR size— 10 × 12 inches, crosswise
78-85 KV
🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION—EXTERNAL ROTATION: SHOULDER Patient Position SAME - AP PROJECTION—INTERNAL ROTATION: SHOULDER | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION—EXTERNAL ROTATION: SHOULDER Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to coracoid process
🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION—EXTERNAL ROTATION: SHOULDER Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION—INTERNAL ROTATION: SHOULDER Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lateral view of proximal humerus and lateral two-thirds of clavicle and upper scapula is demonstrated, including the relationship of the humeral head to the glenoid cavity.
🗑
|
||||
| INFEROSUPERIOR AXIAL PROJECTION: SHOULDER -LAWRENCE METHOD Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Position patient supine with shoulder raised about 2 inches (5 cm) from tabletop by placing support under arm and shoulder to place body part near center of IR.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Move patient toward the front edge of tabletop Place vertical cassette on table as close to neck as possible, and support w/ sandbags. Abduct arm 90° from body if possible;keep in ext rotation, palm up, with support under arm& hand.
🗑
|
||||
| INFEROSUPERIOR AXIAL PROJECTION: SHOULDER -LAWRENCE METHOD CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lateral view of proximal humerus in relationship to scapulohumeral cavity is shown. • Coracoid process of scapula and lesser tubercle of humerus are seen in profile. • The spine of the scapula is seen on edge below scapulohumeral joint
🗑
|
||||
| POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITION—GLENOID CAVITY: SHOULDER ---GRASHEY METHOD Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Perform radiograph with patient in an erect or supine position. (The erect position is usually less painful for patient, if condition allows.)
🗑
|
||||
| POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITION—GLENOID CAVITY: SHOULDER ---GRASHEY METHOD Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, centered to scapulohumeral joint, which is approximately 2 inches (5 cm) inferior and medial from the superolateral border of shoulder
🗑
|
||||
| POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITION—GLENOID CAVITY: SHOULDER ---GRASHEY METHOD Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum SID—40 inches (102 cm). •
IR size—24 × 30 cm (10 × 12 inches),lengthwise
—75 to 85 kV range
🗑
|
||||
| show | Perform radiograph with patient in erect or recumbent position
🗑
|
||||
| SCAPULAR Y LATERAL—ANTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITION: SHOULDER Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CR perpendicular to IR, directed to scapulohumeral joint (2 or 2-1/2 inches [5 or 6 cm] below top of shoulder)
🗑
|
||||
| SCAPULAR Y LATERAL—ANTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITION: SHOULDER Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Same as SCAPULAR Y SHOULDER except that the angle of the CR is 10°-15° caudal,centered posteriorly to pass through superior margin of humeral head. This puts the Proximal humerus superimposed over thin body of the scapula, seen on end without ribs
🗑
|
||||
| AP AND AP AXIAL PROJECTIONS: CLAVICLE Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Perform radiograph with patient in erect or supine position with arms at sides, chin raised, and looking straight ahead. Posterior shoulder should be in contact with IR or tabletop, without rotation of body.
🗑
|
||||
| AP AND AP AXIAL PROJECTIONS: CLAVICLE Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP AND AP AXIAL PROJECTIONS: CLAVICLE CR --AP AND AP AXIAL | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | aP 0°
Anatomy Demonstrated:
• Entire clavicle visualized, including both AC and sternoclavicular joints and acromion.
aP axial
Anatomy Demonstrated:
• Entire clavicle visualized, including both AC and sternoclavicular joints and acromion
🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: AC JOINTS Minimum SID — IR size — KV | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: AC JOINTS Patient Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: AC JOINTS Part Position | show 🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: AC JOINTS CR | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1st exposure is made w/o weights, for large adult patients, strap 8-10 lbs min weights to each wrist, w/shoulders relaxed, let weights hang from wrists while pulling down on each arm and shoulder. The same weight must be used on each wrist.
🗑
|
||||
| AP PROJECTION: AC JOINTS Anatomy Demonstrated | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
wolfe9ah
Popular Radiology sets