anatomy
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| Where is the larynx located? | show 🗑
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| show | Nine. 3 single. 3 paired.
Most of it is hyaline. The EPIGLOTTIS & other small stuff is elastic.
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| What are the cartilages (parts, I suppose) that make the laryngeal skeleton? | show 🗑
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| show | Will form laryngeal prominence (adam's apple), superior thyroid notch, inferior thyroid notch (less distinct).
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| show | Posteriorly, are the superior and inferior horns. Posterolaterally is the oblique line and the superior and inferior thyroid *tubercles* that are expansions of the line.
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| show | The cricoid cartilage. Provides support to inferior part of larynx. Enlarged lamina in the back, thin arch in the front, so larger posteriorly.
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| Where do the arytenoid cartilage lie? What do they articulate with? | show 🗑
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| What attaches to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage? What about the muscular processes? | show 🗑
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| Where is the epiglottic cartilage located? Where does it attach? | show 🗑
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| What do the corniculate cartilages articulate with? | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior to the corniculate cartilages. W/in aryepiglottic folds.
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| What are the changes you'll see in laryngeal cartilage as you age? | show 🗑
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| What are the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx? | show 🗑
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| Where is the thyrohyoid membrane thickened? What can you find in it? | show 🗑
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| What are the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx? | show 🗑
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| Where does the cricothyroid ligament attach? | show 🗑
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| show | Anteriorly, where it forms the median cricothyroid ligament. The lateral cricothyroid ligament.
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| show | The upper edge of the cricothryoid ligament, formed by the attaching of it to the arytenoid cartilages & inner surface of angle btwn thyroid laminae.
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| Where is the quadrangular ligament located? | show 🗑
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| Where does the quadrangular ligament attach? | show 🗑
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| What forms the vestibular ligament? | show 🗑
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| What forms the aryepiglottic ligament? | show 🗑
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| What does the aryepiglottic fold contain? | show 🗑
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| What does the thyroepiglottic ligament do? | show 🗑
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| show | Cricothyroid joints & cricoarytenoid joint. They're both synovial.
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| show | Formed btwn medial side of inferior horns of THYROID cartilage & lateral surfaces of cricoid cartilage.
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| show | Vocal folds are tensed when thyroid cartilage tilts anterior AT cricothyroid joint.
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| show | Btwn base of arytenoid cartilages and posterosuperior aspect of cricoid cartilage.
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| show | Allows arytenoids to slide & pivot on cricoid, which allows abduction/adduction of the vocal ligaments.
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| What is the larynx continuous with? | show 🗑
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| Where does larynx open superiorly? What is the opening bound by? | show 🗑
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| show | Well...it's continuous with trachea...And always open. Is completely encircled by cricoid.
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| What are the divisions of the larynx? | show 🗑
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| Where does the vestibule start and end? | show 🗑
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| What is the rima vestibuli? | show 🗑
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| show | Narrow space btwn vestibular and vocal folds. The laryngeal ventricle, laryngeal saccule, and the glottis.
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| show | A gap btwn the vocal folds and vestibular folds. It forms an extension anterosuperiorly just behind the thyroid cartilage, into a kind of pouch. The saccule holds many mucous glands.
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| show | The vocal ligament, vocalis muscle & mucosal covering. The space in btwn is called rima glottidis.
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| Are vocal folds true vocal cords? | show 🗑
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| What is the vocal apparatus? | show 🗑
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| show | Narrow w/nl breathing. Wide when forcing breaths. Slit like during phonation.
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| Where does the infraglottic space extend to and from? | show 🗑
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| show | Muscles include suprahyoid & infrahyoid muscles. Gen function is to move ENTIRE LARYNX, esp raising/lowering it b/c swallowing or talking, b/c of attachment to hyoid.
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| show | Gen function is to move PARTS of larynx *with respect to each other* so larynx can do what it is supposed to do. Like the actual talking and being a sphincter for lower resp tract.
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| What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | show 🗑
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| Where does the cricothyroid muscle attach? Where can you find it on the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Contraction will cause thyroid cartilage to rotate anteriorly and inferiorly toward cricoid. That will tense the vocal folds and raise the pitch of your voice.
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| show | Deep to thyroid laminae. Attaches from inferior pt of thyroid angle and adj cricothyroid ligament into anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage & lateral to quadrangular ligament.
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| What happens when the thryoarytenoid muscle contracts? | show 🗑
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| show | It runs parallel with vocal ligament towards thyroid cartilage. It attaches to anterolateral side of arytenoid cartilage & its vocal process to thyroid cartilage.
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| What is the vocalis muscle a part of? And what does the vocalis muscle do? | show 🗑
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| What is the thyroepiglottic muscle a part of? Where does it extend into? | show 🗑
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| What does the thyroepiglottic muscle do? | show 🗑
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| Where does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle attach? | show 🗑
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| show | Will bring vocal processes medial, causing vocal folds to adduct and close the rima glottis.
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| show | To the lateral aspect of ea arytenoid cartilage, spanning btwn the two posteriorly as it joins them together. Will help adduct the vocal folds.
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| show | They cross each other just posterior to the transverse arytenoids. Running from posterior surface of muscular process of one arytenoid to the apex of the other (contralaterally).
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| show | They also help adduct the vocal folds.
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| show | Superior laryngeal artery (thru the thyrohyoid membrane, off superior thyroid artery) & inferior laryngeal artery (off inferior thyroid artery).
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| What is the path of the inferior laryngeal artery? | show 🗑
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| Where does blood from larynx drain into? | show 🗑
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| What does superior laryngeal vein accompany? And what does it drain thru? | show 🗑
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| show | Drains into inferior thyroid vein and will then usually empty into L brachiocephalic.
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| Where does lymph drain from areas above the vocal cord? | show 🗑
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| Where does lymph from below the vocal cords (infraglottic region) drain? | show 🗑
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| show | VAGUS.
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| Where are sensory neuron cell bodies for vagus? | show 🗑
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| show | brainstem
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| show | internal laryngeal off superior laryngeal
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| What innervates the cricothyroid muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Inferior laryngeal nerve that continues off recurrent laryngeal.
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| show | Passes deep to inferior border of inferior constrictor into larynx. Will split into several branches to innervate the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
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| Where are the sympathetic postgang cell bodies for the larynx at? | show 🗑
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| What will happen to the larynx if the internal laryngeal nerve gets damaged? | show 🗑
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| What will happen to the larynx if the external laryngeal nerve gets damaged? | show 🗑
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| show | The vocal folds get paralyzed, so you can't control their tone....
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