Blood and Lymph
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| erythrocytes | show 🗑
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| show | involved in the body defenses, such as destruction of bacteria and viruses.
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| show | platelets. Assist in clotting formation which seals off a break in the walls of a blood vessle.
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| Factors necessary for the formation of erythrocytes: | show 🗑
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| show | an exam in wihich the different kind of WBC'S are counted and reported as percentages of the total examined. Used to diagnose a disease or to discriminate between a bacterial and viral infection.
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| Blood Clotting Process: | show 🗑
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| show | A, B, AB, or O. AB is the universal recipient. O is the universal donor.
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| the lymph system is a division of the cardiovascular system, it has 3 major functions: | show 🗑
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| show | filter impurities from the lymph (defense)produce lymphocytes (production)
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| tonsils | show 🗑
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| show | serves as a reservoir for blood, forms lymphocytes, monocytes and plasma, destroys worn out RBC's, removes bacteria by phagocytosis, and produces RBC's before birth.
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| show | develops the immune system in utero and for a few months after birth. develops T-lymphocytes of the cell mediated immune response before they migrate to the lymph nodes and spleen.
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| anemia | show 🗑
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| aplasia | show 🗑
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| disseminated intravascular coagualtion DIC: | show 🗑
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| show | an abnormal increase in the number of circulating RBC'S.
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| show | the process of RBC production
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| show | bleeding into a joint space. usually seen in the knees, ankles and elbows.
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| hemophilia A | show 🗑
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| hetrozygous | show 🗑
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| show | cause unknown
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| show | malignant disorder of the hematopoietic system in which an excess of leukocytes accumulates in the bone marrow and lymph nodes.
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| show | an abnormal decrease in the # of WBC to fewer than 5000/mm3 due to the depression of the bone marrow.
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| show | inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessles or channels usually results from acute strep or staph infection in an extremity.
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| lymphedema | show 🗑
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| show | a malignant neoplastic immunodeficency disease of the bone marrow, turmo is composed of plasma cells.
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| myeloproliferative | show 🗑
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| show | deficient conditon of all three major blood elements.
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| pernicious | show 🗑
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| show | Atypical histocytes, large, abnormal multinucleated cells of the lymp system found in Hodgkins.
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| thrombocytopenia | show 🗑
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| show | detects many disorders of the hematological system and provides data for the dx and evaluation of disorders in the body systems.
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| show | measurements of the size and hemoglobin content of RBC's. This measurement provides infor aobut average volume or size. Of a single RBC.
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| show | permits exam of the size, shape and structure of RBC'S, and platelets. Useful in differentiation various forms of anemai and blood dyscarcias.
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| show | blood test for dx pernicious anemia. measures the absorption of vitamin B12.
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| show | Older test in determining pernicious anemia
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| Radiologic Studies | show 🗑
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| bone marrow aspiration or biopsy: | show 🗑
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| show | radiologic exam used to detect metastic involvment of the lymph nodes.
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| show | weakness, stupor, irritability, pale, cool, moist skin, vs:hypotension, tachycardia, and hypothermia, internal hemmorrhage.
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| show | protection that provides a specific reaction to each invading antagonist and has the unique ability to remember the antigen that caused the attack.
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| show | a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reacton in the body but is not necessarily inherently harmful.
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| show | a substance recognized by the body as foreign that can trigger an immune response.
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| attenuated | show 🗑
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| show | immune response to one's own tissue
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| show | somethign that has its origin within and individual esp. a factor present in tissues or fluids.
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| show | acquired immunity characterized by the dominant rule of small T lymphocytes, also called cell mediated immunity.
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| humoral immunity | show 🗑
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| show | an abnormal condition characterized by and excessive reaction to a particular stimulus
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| show | the quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or conditon.
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| show | process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or increased.
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| show | the ability of an immune system to mobolize and deploy its antibodies and other responses to stimulaton by an antigen.
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| immunodeficiency | show 🗑
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| immunogen | show 🗑
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| immunology | show 🗑
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| show | the administration of agents that significantly interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to antigenic stimulation by immunizations.
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| immunotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | is the first line of defense. it provides physical and chemical barriers to invading pathogens and protects against the external environment. Composed of skin, mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, tears, saliva, sebacious glands.
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| show | 2nd line of defense. provides a specific reaction to each invading antigen and has the unique ability to remember the antigen that caused the atact. protects the internal environment. antibodies develop naturally after sickness or vaccines.
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| immunization | show 🗑
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| immunotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | meadiated by B cells. they produce antibodies in response to antigen challange. 1st exposure is slow compared w/ subsequent antigen exposures. when 2nd exposure occurs it has a quick response, because it remembers how to kill it.
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| show | T-cells activated by an antigen. Whole cells become sensitized and released into the blood and tissues. On contact w/ antigen they attach to the organism and destroy it. hypersensitivity reaction are cell mediated.
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| show | the ability of the immune system to mobolize and use its antibodies and other responses to stimulation by an antigen.
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| show | an abnormal conditoin of the immune system in which cellular or humoral immunity is inadequate and resistance to infection is decreased.
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| autoimmunity | show 🗑
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| show | host response to alergen, exposure amount, nature of the alergen, route of alergen entry, repeated exposure.
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| host response to alergen: | show 🗑
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| show | the greater the amt of the allergen, the individual is exposed to the greater the chance of severe reaction.
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| show | most allergy reactions are percipitated by complex high molecular weight protien substances.
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| show | most allergens enter the body via gi and respiratory routes. injection of venoms and meds hold a more severe threat of allergic response.
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| show | the more the individual is exposed, the greater the response is.
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| show | spleen
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| neurtophils | show 🗑
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| puss is made of | show 🗑
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| basophils | show 🗑
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| show | less common, they are involved in alergies and parasytic responses.
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| monocytes | show 🗑
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| show | immune relulators. responsible for antibodies and antigen.
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| normal range for WBC's is: | show 🗑
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| show | 12-16 women, and 14-18 men.
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| show | is a % of the blood volume. It is the % that is made up of RBC's.
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| show | Folic Acid and Vitamin B12. If either is deficient you see immature cells or low RBC count.
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| show | are immature RBC's and will be highter in anemic patients.
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| show | 120 days
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| This test can look back at the number of RBC's over 3 months. | show 🗑
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| What does it mean when you hear the term "A shift to the left"? | show 🗑
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| antigens are protiens that help to identify _____________? | show 🗑
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| show | PT and PTT/INR study used to measure clotting time at different steps. Used for people on cumadin.
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| Schilling Test: | show 🗑
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| show | Is iron overload. Excess iron is stored in major body organs. It can be primary or secondary. It may damage the liver, pancreas, spleen and heart.
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| Primary Hemochromatosis: | show 🗑
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| Secondary hemochromatosis: | show 🗑
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| show | Is an increase in the number of circulating erythrocytes and the concentration of hbg in the blood. there is primary and secondary.
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| Primary Polycythemia | show 🗑
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| show | increase in RBC prodution because the body thinks it needs to produce more. Increased H+H and clotting factors.
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| Who gets secondary Polycythemia | show 🗑
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| Assessment of Polycythemia | show 🗑
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| show | Blood letting, hydroxyurea-an antidiauretic hormone used to maintain blood volume. also a low dose of asprin as an anticoaguant therapy.
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| purpura | show 🗑
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| Thrombocytopenia | show 🗑
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| What to watch for with thrombocytopenia | show 🗑
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| Nursing interventions for thrombocytopenia: | show 🗑
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| show | A clotting disorder caused by heparin use. It is autoimmune: an alergy response. there is thrombocytopenia of 50% below the baseline, and people can chave thrombus, leg pain and clots. usually develoops 4-14 days after start of heparin. tx:STOP HEPARIN
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| IN A PT WHO HAS A DVT/PE AND IS STILL BLEEDING EXPLORE: | show 🗑
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| show | is spread by drooplets. it can set you up for diseases later in life.
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| Dx Of mono with: | show 🗑
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| show | swollen lymph nodes/ sore throat/ fagigue/ and it can damage the spleen.
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| show | immature wbc's are crowding out the bone marrow from producing other cells. People with lukemia bruise easily.
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| Tx for Lukemia | show 🗑
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| chronic Lukemia | show 🗑
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| show | all diagnosed by bood work and bone marrow aspiration. radiaion therapy indicaited.
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| show | a group of malignant neoplasms which are characterized by immature lymphocytes.
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| show | abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes- Reed Sternberg Cells
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| Multiple myeloma | show 🗑
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| Signs of tissue hypoxia | show 🗑
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| show | mucous membranes, nail beds, palmar crease and skin.
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| show |
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