A review of the key figures mentioned in AP Psychology.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
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| show | proposed the theory of evolution; the goal of human behavior is to ensure survival and reproduction
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| show | social reformer for imprisoned, poorly treated, mentally ill; worked to establish state hospitals; part of the medical model
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| show | founded the psychoanalytic perspective; developed the five stages of psychosexual development, in each of which a possible fixation can occur
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| G. Stanley Hall | show 🗑
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| William James | show 🗑
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| show | developed classical conditioning while studying digestion in dogs
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| Jean Piaget | show 🗑
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| show | one of the founders of the humanist branch of psychology; developed the person-centered theory based on self-concepts; emphasized client-centered therapy
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| Abraham Maslow | show 🗑
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| B.F. Skinner | show 🗑
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| show | first woman in America to receive a Ph.D. in psychology
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| show | founder of behavioralism; classically conditioned Little Albert
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| Paul Broca | show 🗑
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| show | studied patients of split-brain surgery (cutting of the corpus callosum); noticed no serious effects after surgeries
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| Roger Sperry | show 🗑
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| Carl Wernicke | show 🗑
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| show | defined absolute threshold and the just noticeable difference
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| show | along with Weisel, discovered feature detectors
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| Torston Weisel | show 🗑
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| show | created the dissociation theory of hypnosis, stating hypnosis causes us to divide our consciousness into a hidden observer and a consciousness prone to suggestibility
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| Albert Bandura | show 🗑
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| show | coined learned taste aversion
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| show | developed the contingency model, proposing that in order for learning to take place, an organism must be able to predict that their behavior will result in an outcome; behavioral psychologist who studied classical conditioning
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| Edward Thorndike | show 🗑
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| show | created cognitive maps, or mental representations of the environment; determined cognitive maps proved latent learning
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| show | discovered insight learning by studying chimpanzees
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| show | theorized about the language acquisition device, overgeneralization, and a critical learning period for language
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| Herman Ebbinghaus | show 🗑
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| Elizabeth Loftus | show 🗑
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| show | theorized that short term memory's capacity for most people is "magic number plus or minus 2;" suggested chunking for memorizing
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| Alfred Kinsey | show 🗑
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| show | along with Singer, created the Schachter-Singer two factor theory of emotion, stating emotion is experienced after a cognitive label is applied to stimuli
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| show | theorized of General Adaptive Syndrome, which include three stages to stress reaction: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion
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| Mary Ainsworth | show 🗑
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| Albert Bandura | show 🗑
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| show | identified three parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive
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| show | developed the eight stages of psychosocial development, each of which contains a possible conflict
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| show | disagreed with Kohlberg due to supposed male/female differences in morality; said females made moral decisions based more on social relationships
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| Harry Harlow | show 🗑
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| Konrad Lorenz | show 🗑
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| Lawrence Kohlberg | show 🗑
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| Jean Piaget | show 🗑
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| show | proposed the zone of proximal development theory; he felt social interaction, in the form of people who provide children with cognitive growth opportunities, was important for cognitive development to occur
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| show | believed striving for superiority was the main goal of life, not sex; inferiority motivates us to acquire new skills; studied the effects of birth order
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| show | proposed the trait theory using the Five-Factor Model: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion
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| Carl Jung | show 🗑
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| Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon | show 🗑
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| Francis Galton | show 🗑
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| Howard Gardener | show 🗑
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| show | believed intelligence had two factors, an s factor (specific mental abilities) and a common underlying g factor (general intelligence)
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| show | developed the triarchic theory of intelligence, stating that intelligence is either analytical, creative, or practical
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| show | revised Binet's test for use in the US; calculated intelligence using the formula MA/CA x 100
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| David Weschler | show 🗑
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| show | conducted a study showing the power of labeling on people with psychological disorders
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| Aaron Beck | show 🗑
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| Albert Ellis | show 🗑
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| show | first to successfully use classical conditioning to recondition a child to overcome a fear
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| show | used the counterconditioning technique of systematic desensitization
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| show | performed experiments on the effects of conformity
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| Leon Festinger | show 🗑
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| Elton Mayo | show 🗑
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| Stanley Milgram | show 🗑
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| Robert Rosenthal | show 🗑
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| Philip Zombardo | show 🗑
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| show | conducted the Robbers' Cave Study and determined the best way to unite different groups was by imposing superordinate goals
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