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Definitions for the Trauma Section - Blinn College EMS Program

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Terms
Definitions
show Undissolved solid, liquid, or gaseous matter in the bloodstream that may cause blockage of blood vessels.  
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Energy   show
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Epistaxis   show
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show Blood loss sufficient to cause death.  
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Commotio Cordis   show
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Comorbitdity   show
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Electrical Alternas   show
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Epicardium   show
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show Defect in the chest wall that allows for free movement of a segment. Breathing will cause paradoxical chest wall movement.  
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show Large arteries and veins located in the mediastinum that enter and exit the heart: pulmonary artery, the aorta, the inferior vena cava, and the superior vena cava.  
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Hemopneumothorax   show
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Hemoptysis   show
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Hemothorax   show
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show Cordlike remnant of a fetal vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta at the aortic isthmus.  
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show Muscular tissue of the heart.  
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show A restriction to cardiac filling caused by blood (or other fluid) within the pericardial sac.  
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show Fibrous sac that surrounds the heart.  
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show A collection of air in the pleural space. Air may enter the pleural space through an injury to the chest wall or through an injury to the lungs. In a tension pneumothorax. pressure builds because there is no way for air to escape, causing lung to collapse.  
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show Area of the chest wall overlying the heart.  
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show Central medial region of the lung where the bronchi and pulmonary vasculature enter the lung.  
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show Drop of greater than 10mmHg in the systolic blood pressure during the inspiratory phase of respiration that occurs in patients with pericardial tamponade.  
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Pulsus Paradoxus   show
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Rhabdomyolysis   show
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Tension Pneumothorax   show
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Tracheobrochial Tree   show
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show Union between xiphoid process and the body of the sternum.  
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Degloving injury   show
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show True skin, also called the corium; it is the layer of tissue producing the epidermis and housing structures, blood vessels, and nerves normally associated with the skin  
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Ecchymosis   show
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show outermost layer of skin composed of dead or dying skin cells  
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show early stage of wound healing in which epithelial cells migrate over the surface of the wound  
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erythema   show
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show a fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates, muscle and may also unite the skin with underlying tissue.  
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fibroblast   show
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show deep-space infection usually caused by the anaerobic bacterium (clostridium perfringens)  
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show white blood cells charged with the primary purpose of neutralizing foreign bacteria  
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hematoma   show
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show the body's three-step process to local hemorrhage, comprising a vascular phase in which aggregating platelets form a weak clot, and a coagulation phase that results in the formation of fibrin, creating a strong clot.  
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hyperemia   show
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impaled object   show
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incision   show
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show invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a body part or tissue  
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inflammation   show
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show skin, consisting of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers  
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keloid   show
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show an open wound, normally tear with jagged borders  
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show opening, or space, within a needle, artery, vein, or other hollow vessel  
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show inflammation of the lymph channels, usually as a result of a distal infection.  
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show Movement at a synovial joint where the distal end of a bone describes a circle but the shaft does not rotate.  
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show A broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused it do not penetrate the skin.  
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show Fracture in which a bone is broken into several pieces.  
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show Muscle pain resulting from over activity, lack of oxygen, and accumulation of waste products.  
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show Loss of blood vessels from a body part.  
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Diaphysis   show
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show Synovial joints.  
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Dislocation   show
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Epiphyseal   show
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Epiphysis   show
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show Small bundle of muscle fibers.  
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show Break in a bone associated with prolonged or repeated stress.  
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show Partial fracture of a child's bone.  
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show Small crack in a bone that does not disrupt its total structure.  
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Haversian Canals   show
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show Break in a bone in which the bone is compressed on itself.  
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show Attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts.  
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Joint   show
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show Chamber formed by ligaments surrounding a joint that holds a small amount of synovial fluid to lubricate articular surfaces.  
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show Bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and hold joints together.  
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show The protuberance of the ankle.  
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show Cavity within a bone that contains the marrow.  
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Abruptio Placentae   show
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show a protrusion of organs from a wound  
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show protective tensing of the abdominal muscles by a patient suffering abdominal pain  
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Hematemesis   show
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show passage of stools containing red blood  
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show blood in the urine  
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show double fold of peritoneum that supports the major portion of the small bowel, suspending it from the posterior abdominal wall  
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show division of the abdominal cavity containing the organs located within the pelvis  
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show division of the abdominal cavity containing the organs or portions of organs covered by the peritoneum  
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Peritoneum   show
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Peritonitis   show
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Rebound tenderness   show
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Retroperitoneal space   show
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show inadequate return of venous blood to the heart, reduced cardiac output, and lowered blood pressure resulting from pressure on the inferior vena cava by the fetus and uterus late in pregnancy  
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Abduction   show
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show movement of a body part toward the midline  
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Amphiarthrosis   show
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Articular surface   show
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show sacs containing synovial fluid that cushion adjacent structures  
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Callus   show
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Cancellous   show
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Cartilage   show
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show Arrow-shapped projectiles found in some military ordance.  
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show Strength or energy.  
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Hemoptysis   show
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show Combusting easily or creating combustion.  
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Index of Suspesion   show
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show Tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by an external force.  
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Kinematics   show
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Kinetic Energy   show
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show Branch of physics that deals with motion, taking into consideration mass, velocity, and force.  
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show A measure of the matter that an object contains.  
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Motion   show
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Ordance   show
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Overpressure   show
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Oxidizer   show
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Perforating Trauma   show
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Pressure Wave   show
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show The cross section of a bullet along its direction of travel; the energy-exchange surface of the bullet when it contracts a target.  
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show An object hurled or projected by the exertion of force.  
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Metaphysis   show
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show A fracture, the line of which runs obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the bone  
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show The relation between the thumb and the other digits of the hand for the purpose of grasping objects between the thumb and fingers  
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Origin   show
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show A cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.  
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Osteoclast   show
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Osteocyte   show
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show A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.  
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show Is an abnormal sensation such as tingling, tickling, pricking, numbness or burning of a person's skin with no apparent physical cause.  
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show Canals in bone through which blood vessels pass.  
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show A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.  
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Red Bone Marrow   show
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Reduction   show
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Rotation   show
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Spasm   show
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Spiral Fracture   show
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show Also known as a torn ligament, is damage to one or more ligaments in a joint, often caused by trauma or the joint being taken beyond its functional range of motion  
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show to over exercise, excessive effort or exercise, an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.  
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show A partial dislocation.  
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show A type of joint which permits very little or no movement under normal conditions.  
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Synovial Fluid   show
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show Is one in which the bone breaks through the skin; it may then recede back into the wound and not be visible through the skin.  
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Peripheral Vascular Resistance   show
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show One of the fragments of cytoplasm that circulates in the blood and works with components of the coagulation system to promote blood clotting. Platelets also release serotonin, a vasoconstrictive substance.  
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Platelet Phase   show
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Preload   show
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Pulse Pressure   show
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Septic Shock   show
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show A state of inadequate tissue perfusion.  
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show The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one cardiac contraction.  
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Tilt Test   show
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show A constrictor used on an extremity to apply circumferential pressure on all arteries to control bleeding.  
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show A drug that inhibits fibrinolysis (the breakdown of blood clots); an antifibrinolytic.  
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show First step in the process of hemostasis, in which smooth blood vessel muscle contracts, reducing the vessel lumen and the flow of blood through it.  
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Vein   show
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show Scraping or abrading away of the superficial layers of the skin; an open soft tissue injury.  
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show severance, removal, or detachment, either partial or complete, of a body part.  
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show Forceful tearing away or separation of body tissue.  
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show Chemicals released by white blood cells that attract more white blood cells to an area of inflammation.  
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show Tough, strong protein that makes up most of the body's connective tissue.  
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show Muscle ischemia that is caused by rising pressures within an anatomic fascial space.  
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show Closed wound in which the skin is unbroken, although damage has occurred to the tissue immediately beneath.  
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Crush Injury   show
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show Systemic disorder of severe metabolic disturbances resulting from the crush of a limb or other body part.  
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lymphatic system   show
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show Any of a class of white blood cells of the vertebrate immune system, including the B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells  
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macrophage   show
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necrosis   show
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neovascularization   show
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show the engulfing of microorganisms or other cells and foreign particles by phagocytes  
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puncture   show
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show reorganization or renovation of an old structure  
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show disintegration of striated muscle fibers with excretion of myoglobin in the urine  
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sebaceous glands   show
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show The secretion of the sebaceous glands.  
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serous fluid   show
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show A usually voluntary muscle that is made up of elongated, multinucleate, transversely striated muscle fibers and is typically attached to a bone.  
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subcutaneous tissue   show
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show Bands of fibrous connective tissue joining muscles to bones.  
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tension lines   show
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show Tetanus is a rare but often fatal disease that affects the central nervous system by causing painful muscular contractions.  
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show an emission of a nucleus of high kinetic energy from the nucleus of an atom undergoing radioactive decay or fission.  
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ampere   show
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midbrain   show
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myotome   show
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show the external opening of the nasal cavity  
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orbit   show
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paraplegia   show
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pia matter   show
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pinna   show
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pons   show
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show pupil Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. pupil (P) [pu´pil] the opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eyeq  
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show paralysis of all four limbs  
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blunt trauma   show
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show the study of disease to determine its prevalence, course, and seriousness.  
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show the 60 minute period after a severe injury; it is the maximum acceptable time between the injury and initiation of surgery for the seriously injured trauma patient.  
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show a framework for classifying factors associated with injury, death, or events that may cause injury or death. The matrix can be used to identify factors that can be modified and interventions that can be taken to prevent or reduce the severity of such events.  
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Index of Suspicion   show
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Mechanism of Injury   show
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Penetrating Trauma   show
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Trauma   show
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Trauma Center   show
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show data retrieval system for trauma patient information, which is used to evaluate and improve the trauma system.  
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show guidelines to aid prehospital personnel in determining which trauma patients require urgent transportation to a trauma center.  
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show the rate at which speed or velocity increases.  
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axial loading   show
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ballistics   show
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show the diameter of a bullet expressed in hundredths of an inch; the inside diameter of the barrel of a handgun or rifle.  
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cavitation   show
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crumple zone   show
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show the rate at which speed or velocity decreases.  
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dirty bomb   show
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Drag   show
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Dyspnea   show
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Hypothalamus   show
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Intervertebral Disk   show
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show bleeding directly into the tissue of the brain  
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show pressure exerted on the brain by the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.  
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show same side  
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Iris   show
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Lacrimal Fluid   show
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Le Fort Criteria   show
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show Diastolic BP plus 1/3 the pulse pressure  
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show lower portion of the brainstem containing the respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor centers.  
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Meninges   show
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show Portion of the brain connecting the pons and cerebellum to the cerebral hemispheres.  
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show muscle and tissue of the body innervated by spinal nerve roots.  
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Nares   show
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show Type of shock resulting in the interruption of comminucation pathway between the CNS and the rest of the body, leading to decreased peripheral vascular resistance  
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show the eye socket  
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show paralysis of the lower limbs and lower trunk  
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Pia Mater   show
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Pinna   show
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Pons   show
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Pupil   show
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show paralysis of all four limbs  
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Retina   show
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Retinal detachment   show
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Retroauricular ecchymosis   show
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Retrograde amnesia   show
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show Triangular bone, formed from five fused vertebrae, that lies between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the coccyx  
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show The "white" of the eye  
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Semicircular canals   show
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show A simplified scoring system for monitoring the neurologic status of patients with head injuries based on three elements of motor responsiveness, compared to 15 elements of eye-opening  
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show A cavity that runs successively through each of the vertebrae and contains the spinal cord  
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show Protective structures that cover the spine, consisting of the dura mater, the arachnoid membrane, and the pia mater  
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Spinal shock   show
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Subdural hematoma   show
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show Pseudojoints that join the various bones of the skull to form the cranium  
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Thalamus   show
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show The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae, helping to support the thorax  
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show A cutting across a long axis; a cross-sectional cut  
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Vertebral column   show
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Vertebral foramen   show
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show Clear watery fluid filling the posterior chamber of the eye. It is responsible for giving the eye its spherical shape  
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show The cheekbone  
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Aneurysm   show
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Atelectasis   show
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show is a system used to predict the chance of mortality due to severe burns.  
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show is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted in the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus  
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blepharospasm   show
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show Acute, dangerous reaction to heat exposure, characterized by a body temperature usually above 105F (40.6C) and central nervous system disturbances. The body usually ceases to perspire.  
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Hyperbaric oxygen chamber   show
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Hyperthermia   show
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Hypothalamus   show
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show State of low body temperature, particularly low core body temperature.  
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show ECG deflections found at the junction of QRS complexes and the ST segments. They are associated with hypothermia and seen at core temeratures below 32C most commonly in leads II and V6 also called Osborn waves.  
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Mammalian diving reflex   show
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Negative feedback   show
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Nitrogen narcosis   show
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Pneumomediastinum   show
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Pulmonary overpressure   show
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Pyrexia   show
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show Any substance causing fever, such as viruses and bacteria or substances produced within the body in response to infection or inflammation.  
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show Transfer of energy through space or matter.  
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Recompression   show
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Scuba   show
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Superficial frostbite   show
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Surfactant   show
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Thermal gradient   show
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Thermogenesis   show
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Thermolysis   show
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show The maintenance or regulation of a particular temperature of the body.  
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show A painful foot disorder resembling frostbite and resulting from exposure to cold and wetness, which can eventually result in tissue sloughing or gangrene.  
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show Turning along the axis of abone  
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Resistance   show
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show final stage of the burn process in which scar tissue is laid down and the healing process is completed  
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show The resistance a contraction of the heart must overcome to eject blood; in cardiac physiology, defined as tension of cardiac muscle during systole (contraction). AKA peripheral vascular resistance.  
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Aggregate   show
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show Ability to live without oxygen  
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show method of estimating the amount of body surface area burned that sizes the area burned that sizes the area burned in comparison to the patients palmar surface  
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show referring to the lower airway  
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show burn that involves only the epidermis; reddening of the skin; first degree burn  
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Supraglottic   show
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Voltage   show
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Anaphylactic Shock   show
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Arteriole   show
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show a vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body tissues  
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show one of the minute blood vessels that connects the ends of the arterioles with the beginnings of venules; where oxygen is diffused to tissue and products of metabolism enter the blood stream  
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show area in a burn nearest the heart source that sufferes the most damage and is characterized by clotted blood and thrombosed blood vessels  
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Zone of hyepremia   show
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Zone of stasis   show
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Anterior cord syndrome   show
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show inability to remember events that occurred after the trauma that caused the condition  
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show clear fluid filling the anterior chamber of the eye  
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show middle layers of the meninges  
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Ascending reticular activating system   show
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Ascending tracts   show
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Cardiac Contractility   show
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Cardiogenic Shock   show
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show A hormone, such as epinephrine or nor epinephrine, that strongly affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems, metabolic rate, temperature, and smooth muscle  
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Clotting Factors   show
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show Third step in the process of hemostasis, which involves the formation of a protein called fibrin that forms a network around a wound to stop bleeding, ward off infection, and lay a foundation for healing and repair of the wound  
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show Condition in which the blood's ability to clot is impaired  
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show Hemodynamic insult to the body in which the body responds effectively. Signs and symptoms are limited, and the human system continues to provide oxygenated circulation to most tissues  
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show condition associated with the bodys adjustment to the effects of neurogenic shock  
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show process that controls blood flow to the brain tissue by causing alterations in the blood pressure  
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show extension of a neuron that serves as a pathway for transmission of signals to and from the brain  
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Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis   show
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Blood-brain barrier   show
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Brown-sequard syndrome   show
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show continuing hemodynamic insult to the body in which the compensatory mechanisms break down. The signs and symptoms become very pronounced, and the patient moves rapidly toward death  
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Direct Pressure   show
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show Is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body's tissues and organs  
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Epistaxis   show
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show Peripheral blood cell that contains hemoglobin; responsible for transport of oxygen to the cells.  
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Extrinsic Pathway   show
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show A fibrous membrane that covers, supports and separates muscles and may also unite the skin with the underlying tissue  
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Fibrin   show
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show vomiting of blood  
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Hematochezia   show
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show the percentage of the total blood volume consisting of red blood cells  
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show collection of blood beneath the skin or trapped within a body compartment  
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Hemoglobin   show
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show coughing up blood that originates in the respiratory tract  
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Hemorrhage   show
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Hemostasis   show
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Homeostasis   show
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show the pressure of liquids in equilibrium; the pressure exterted by or within liquids  
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show shock caused by loss of blood or bodily fluids  
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show space between the cells  
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show the activation of the clotting factors from damaged platelets within blood vessels  
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show the final stage of shock in which organs and cells are so damaged that recovery is impossible  
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show compound produced from pyruvic acid during anaerobic glycolysis  
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show black, tar like feces due to gastrointestinal bleeding  
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Microcirculation   show
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show type of shock resulting from the interruption in the communication pathway between the CNS and the rest of the body, resulting in decreased peripheral vascular resistance  
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Obstructive Shock   show
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Oncotic Pressure   show
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show a decrease in blood pressure that occurs when a person moves from a supine or sitting position to an upright position  
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synovial joint   show
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show long, thin, very strong collagen tissues that connect muscles to bones  
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tone   show
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show a break that runs across a bone perpendicular to the bone's orientation  
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yellow bone marrow   show
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absolute zero   show
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acclimatization   show
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show an air bubble, or air embolism that enters the circulatory system from a damaged lung  
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show condition that damages the autonomic nervous condition that damages the autonomic nervous system, which usually senses changes in core temperature and controls vasodilation and perspiration to dissipate heat  
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barotrauma   show
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show rate at which the body consumes energy just to maintain stability; the basic metabolic rate (measure by the rate of oxygen consumption) of an awake, relaxed person 12-14 hours after eating and at a comfortable temperature  
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Barotrauma that occurs from increasing pressure during a diving descent is commonly called:   show
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conduction   show
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convection   show
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core temperature   show
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show development of nitrogen bubbles within the tissues from a rapid reduction of air pressure when a diver returns to the surface; also called "the bends" or "dysbarism"  
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deep frostbite   show
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drowning   show
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evaporation   show
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exertional metabolic rate   show
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show environmentally induced freezing of body tissues, causing destruction of cells  
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heat cramps   show
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show a mild heat illness; an acute reaction to heat exposure  
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show elasticity; the ability to spring back from a force or impact to resume the original  
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show the path a projectile follows  
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Velocity   show
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show swing or wobble around the axis of a projectile's travel  
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Zone of Injury   show
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Phases of Injury   show
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Vehicle Collision   show
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show Collision of occupant with vehicle. Deceleration of the occupant.  
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show Collision of internal organs with body. Deceleration of internal organs. Results as an occupant contacts the vehicle's interior annd slows or stops. Tissues behind the surface of the body collide and the body comes to a stop.  
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Secondary Impacts   show
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Additional Impacts   show
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Blast injury   show
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Primary   show
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show Include trauma caused by projectiles. Can cause severe bleeding.  
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show Caused by personnel displacement and structural collapse.  
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Misc./Quaternary   show
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show 5 main types of collisions for motor vehicle collisions: Frontal, Lateral, Oblique, Rear-End, Rollover  
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Frontal   show
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show Lateral impact. Crumple zone is considerably less than in frontal impact. Intrusion is likely. Increase in upper and lower extremity injuries. Responsible for higher percentage of vehicular fatalities.  
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Oblique   show
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show Collision force pushes the vehicle forwards. The energy of the collision thus propels the occupant forwards. May result in connective tissue/cervical spine injuries. Coup-countercoup can be caused.  
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Rollover   show
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show percentage of a patient's body affected by a burn  
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Coagulation necrosis   show
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show the rate of flow of an electric charge  
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Denature   show
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show first stage of the burn process, characterized by a catecholamine release and pain-mediated reaction  
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Eschar   show
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Extravascular space   show
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show stage of the burn process in which there is a massive shift of fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space  
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show burn that damages all layers of the skin; characterized by areas that are painless and often dry; also called third-degree burn  
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show powerful electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive substances with powerful penetrating properties; it is stronger than alpha and beta radiation  
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Gray   show
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Hypermetabolic phase   show
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show the volume contained by all the arteries, veins, capillaries, and other components of the circulatory system  
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Ionization   show
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show explanation of the physical effects of thermal burns  
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Joule's law   show
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Liquefaction necrosis   show
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Neutron radiation   show
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Ohm   show
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Ohm's law   show
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Partial thickness burn   show
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Rad   show
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Cauda equine syndrome   show
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Central cord syndrome   show
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show the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.  
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show the difference between the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and the Intracranial Pressure (ICP). This represents the pressure gradient driving cerebral blood flow (CBF) and hence oxygen and metabolite delivery.  
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show a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spine. It is produced in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain. It acts as a cushion or buffer for the brain's cortex, providing basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain inside the skull  
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show the anterior and largest part of the brain, consisting of two halves or hemispheres and serving to control voluntary movements and coordinate mental actions  
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Cheyne-stokes respirations   show
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Concussion   show
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Consensual reactivity   show
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show occurring on or acting in conjunction with a part on the opposite side of the body.  
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show Damage directly to the part of the brain that was struck  
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Cranium   show
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Cushing’s reflex   show
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show increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and a reduction of the heart rate.  
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Dermatome   show
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show the pathways by which motor signals are sent from the brain to lower motor neurones  
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show is a brain injury in which damage in the form of extensive lesions in white matter tracts occurs over a widespread area.  
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show a thick membrane that is the outermost of the three layers of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord  
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show a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater (the tough outer membrane of the central nervous system) and the skull  
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show an aponeurosis (a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue) which covers the upper part of the cranium  
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Hyphema   show
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Event amnesia   show
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Created by: kimberleyrc
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