Muscular System Origin, Insertions, and Action
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| Origin: Occipital Bone and Upper Ligamentum Nuchae | Trapezius I
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| Insertion: Lateral and posterior 1/3rd of Clavicle | Trapezius I
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| Action: From above, elevate the shoulder girdle; From below, hyperextend the neck | Trapezius I
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| Origin: ligamentum nuchae | Trapezius II
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| Insertion: top of the acromion process | Trapezius II
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| Action: Force couple with Trapezius IV to upwardly rotate the scapula | Trapezius II
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| Origin: T1-T4 | Trapezius III
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| Insertion: Upper margin of the spine of the scapula | Trapezius III
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| Action: Adduction of the scapula | Trapezius III
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| Origin: T5-T12 | Trapezius IV
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| Insertion: Root of the spine of the scapula | Trapezius IV
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| Action: Upward rotation of the scapula with Trapezius II; alone- depress the scapula | Trapezius IV
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| Origin: Posterior surface of ilium between crest, posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line | Gluteus Medius
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| Insertion: Oblique ridge and dorso-lateral surface of the greater trochanter | Gluteus Medius
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| Action: Abducts with gluteus minimus; posterior fibers ER | Gluteus Medius
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| Origin: Lateral condyle and upper 2/3rds of the lateral surface of the tibia | Tibialis Anterior
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| Insertion: Plantar surface of base of the 1st metatarsal and medial surface of 1st cuneiform | Tibialis Anterior
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| Action: Dorsi-flexion of ankle; supination (Adduction and Inversion) of foot | Tibialis Anterior
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| Origin: Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligaments (ligaments connects iliac crest w/ transverse processes L4-L5) | Quadratus Lumborum
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| Insertion: Last rib and the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae. | Quadratus Lumborum
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| Action: Bilateral they depress the ribs; one side alone produces ipsilateral flexion or stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral foot is off the floor. | Quadratus Lumborum
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| Origin: Transverse and costal processes of C2-C7 | Scalenes - Anterior, Middle and Posterior
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| Insertion: Superior surface of rib 1 | Scalenes - Anterior and Middle
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| Insertion: Superior surface of rib 2 | Posterior Scalene
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| Action: From above, elevates the ribs; From below, forward flex neck; one side alone contract to ipsilaterally flex the neck. | Scalenes - Anterior, Middle and Posterior
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| Origin: External and inferior borders of ribs 5-12 | External Abdominal Oblique
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| Insertion: Via aponeurosis of the rectus abdominus to the linea alba from the ribs to the pubis, and anterior 1/2 of iliac crest | External Abdominal Oblique
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| Action: Together - Compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk; one side (force couple with contralateral internal oblique) acting from above contralaterally rotates and flexes lumbar vertebra to lift pelvis; Below rotates and flexes trunk. | External Abdominal Oblique
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| Origin: Inner margins of the pubis | Pubococcygeus
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| Insertion: Coccyx and median raphe (ligament where muscles attach to each other) | Pubococcygeus
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| Action: Assists iliococcygeus and coccygeus to elevate and retract anus; medial fibers from the pubovaginalis and puboanalis and act as the sphincter urethrae | Pubococcygeus
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| Origin: Outer surface or upper 9 ribs at the side of the chest. | Serratus Anterior
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| Insertion: Anterior surface of the upper veterbal border through inferior angle of the scapula. | Serratus Anterior
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| Action: Upper 1-4, 5 bands attaching to upper vertebral border abduct the scapula; Lower (4, 5-9) attached to inferior angle upwardly rotate; Together they hold the vertebral border of the scapula against the ribs | Serratus Anterior
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