Paramedic Medical Emergencies: GI/Uro/Neph/Immune/Hema/Toxicology
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A chemical in red blood cells that affects hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen | show 🗑
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A substance that liberates hydrogen ions (H+) when in a solution | show 🗑
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show | Acquired Immunity
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A powder, usually premixed with water, that will absorb (bind) some poisons and help prevent them from being absorbed by the body | show 🗑
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show | Active Immunity
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Movement of a molecule through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration; movement requires energy consumption within the cell | show 🗑
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show | Acute Gastroenteritis
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The sudden onset of severely decreased urine output production (aka Acute Renal Failure (ARF)) | show 🗑
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show | Acute Tubular Necrosis
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Compulsive and overwhelming physiological and/or psychological dependence on a drug | show 🗑
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show | Adhesion
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Transmitted through the air by droplets or particles | show 🗑
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show | Alkali
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show | Allergen
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An exaggerated response by the immune system to a foreign substance | show 🗑
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show | Allergy
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An unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to a foreign protein or other substance | show 🗑
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An inadequate number of red blood cells or inadequate hemoglobin within the red blood cells | show 🗑
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Marked edema of the skin that usually involves the head, neck, face, and upper airway; a common manifestation of severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis | show 🗑
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show | Ankylosing Spondylitis
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show | Antibody
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show | Antidiuresis
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show | Antidote
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Surface protein on most viruses and bacteria that identifies them as self or nonself; any substance that is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response | show 🗑
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No elimination of urine | show 🗑
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Inflammation of the vermiform appendix at the junction of the large and small intestines | show 🗑
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A waterlike fluid that surrounds the iris, pupil, and lens of the eye | show 🗑
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The part of the tubule beyond the descending loop of Henle | show 🗑
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show | Autoimmune Disease
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show | Autoimmunity
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show | B Lymphocytes
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Microscopic single-celled organisms that range in length from 1 to 20 micrometers | show 🗑
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Capable of killing bacteria | show 🗑
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show | Bacteriostatic
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A type of white blood cell that participates in allergic responses | show 🗑
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show | Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
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Transmitted by contact with blood or body fluids | show 🗑
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show | Bohr Effect
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show | Bowel Obstruction
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show | Bowman’s Capsule
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show | Brudzinski’s Sign
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A condition caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, with repetitive motion being the primary cause | show 🗑
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show | Cataract
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show | Cell-Mediated Immunity
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show | Cellular Immunity
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show | Cellulitis
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Earwax; a protective substance secreted by glands within the ear canal | show 🗑
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show | Chalazion
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show | Chancroid
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The movement of white blood cells in response to chemical signals | show 🗑
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A disease caused by Chikungunya virus and spread by the Aedes species of mosquitoes | show 🗑
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A Group of intracellular parasites that cause sexually transmitted diseases | show 🗑
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Inflammation of the Gallbladder | show 🗑
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show | Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
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Non acute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa | show 🗑
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Permanently inadequate renal function due to nephron loss (aka Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)) | show 🗑
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Pain that persists longer than that typically seen in others who have the same condition | show 🗑
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The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis | show 🗑
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Degenerative disease of the liver | show 🗑
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show | Colic
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the larger structure beyond the distal tubule into which urine drips | show 🗑
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capable of being transmitted to another host | show 🗑
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time when a host can transmit an infectious agent to someone else | show 🗑
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an infection occurring in a non-hospitalized patient who is not undergoing regular medical procedures, including the use of instruments such as catheters | show 🗑
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show | Contamination
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the outer tissue of an organ such as the kidney | show 🗑
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show | Creatinine
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idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder associated with the small intestine | show 🗑
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viral illness characterized by inspiratory and expiratory stridor and a seal bark-like cough | show 🗑
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Ecchymosis in the periumbilical area | show 🗑
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show | Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome (CVS)
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show | Cystitis
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the process of minimizing toxicity by reducing the amount of toxin absorbed into the body | show 🗑
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show | Delayed Hypersensitivity
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show | Delirium Tremens
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the part of the tubule beyond the proximal tubule | show 🗑
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the solution used in dialysis that is hypo osmolar to many of the wastes and key electrolytes in blood | show 🗑
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the duration from the onset of signs and symptoms of disease until the resolution of symptoms or death | show 🗑
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show | Disinfection
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show | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
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show | Distal Tubule
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formation and passage of a large amount of dilute urine, decreasing blood volume | show 🗑
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small outpouching's in the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract | show 🗑
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inflammation of diverticula | show 🗑
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presence of diverticula, with or without associated bleeding | show 🗑
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show | Drug Overdose
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show | Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
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acute infection of the brain, usually caused by a virus | show 🗑
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show | Endolymph
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toxic products released when bacteria die and decompose | show 🗑
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show | End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD)
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an exotoxin that produces gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases such as food poisoning | show 🗑
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inflammation of an epicondyle (a prominence on the distal part of a long bone to which muscles and ligaments attach) | show 🗑
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a saclike duct adjacent to a testis that stores sperm cells | show 🗑
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show | Epiglottitis
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show | Erythrocyte
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The process of producing red blood cells | show 🗑
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show | Erythropoietin
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swollen vein of the esophagus | show 🗑
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a soluble poisonous substance accreted during the growth of a bacterium | show 🗑
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show | Facilitated Diffusion
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show | Fasciitis
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transmission of organisms picked up from the gastrointestinal tract into the mouth | show 🗑
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the process through which plasmin dismantles a blood clot | show 🗑
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show | Fibromyalgia
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The fluid produced in bowman’s capsule by filtration of blood | show 🗑
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the part of the back below the ribs and above the hip bones | show 🗑
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nonspecific term often applied to gastroenteritis that occurs suddenly and that is caused by the ingestion of food containing preformed toxins | show 🗑
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show | Fungus
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death of body tissue | show 🗑
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show | Gastric Lavage
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generalized disorder involving nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal cramping or discomfort, and diarrhea | show 🗑
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show | Genital Warts
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the male organ system that includes reproductive and urinary structures | show 🗑
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A systemic viral disease characterized by a fine pink rash that appears on the face, trunk, and extremities and fades quickly (aka Rubella) | show 🗑
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The removal of water and other elements from blood in the nephron tubule | show 🗑
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the volume per day at which blood is filtered through capillaries of the glomerulus | show 🗑
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a tuft of capillaries from which blood is filtered into a nephron | show 🗑
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the body cells inability to take up glucose from the bloodstream | show 🗑
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sexually transmitted disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium | show 🗑
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show | Gout
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show | Gram Stain
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Eccymosis in the flank | show 🗑
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show | Hantavirus
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show | Hematemesis
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show | Hematochezia
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show | Hematocrit
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show | Hematology
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show | Hematopoiesis
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a dialysis procedure relying on vascular access to the blood and on an artificial membrane | show 🗑
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show | Hemoglobin
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destruction of red blood cells | show 🗑
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a blood disorder in which one of the proteins necessary for blood clotting is missing or defective | show 🗑
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show | Hemorrhoid
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show | Hemostasis
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injury with inflammation or infection of the liver cells | show 🗑
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protrusion of an organ through its protective sheath | show 🗑
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Organism that causes infections characterized by fluid filled vesicles, usually in the oral cavity or on the genitals | show 🗑
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show | Hilum
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show | Histamine
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A parasite that attaches to the host's intestinal lining | show 🗑
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Organism responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | show 🗑
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Specialized, permanent defense against a particular foreign antigen resulting from an attack of an invading substance by antibodies | show 🗑
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show | Hymenoptera
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having a concentration in one substance greater than that of a second solution | show 🗑
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show | Hypersensitivity
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a collection of blood in the anterior Chamber of the eye | show 🗑
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having a concentration in one substance lower than that of a second solution | show 🗑
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show | Immediate Hypersensitivity
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complex of events within the body that works toward the destruction or inactivation of pathogens, abnormal cells, or foreign molecules | show 🗑
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the body's mechanism for defending against foreign invaders | show 🗑
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show | Immunoglobulin (Ig)
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infection of the skin caused by staphylococci or streptococci | show 🗑
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Time Between a host’s exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms | show 🗑
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show | Index Case
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show | Induced Active Immunity
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show | Infarction
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show | Infection
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show | Infectious Disease
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presence of parasites that do not break the host’s skin | show 🗑
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show | Inflammatory Process
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show | Influenza
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show | Ingestion
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entry of a substance into the body through the respiratory tract | show 🗑
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show | Injection
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show | Interstitial Nephritis
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show | Intrarenal Abscess
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show | Intussusception
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show | Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
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show | Isosthenuria
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inability to fully extend the knees with hips flexed | show 🗑
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an organ that produces urine and forms other functions related to the urinary system | show 🗑
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show | Kiesselbach’s Plexus
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time when a host cannot transmit an infectious agent to someone else | show 🗑
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a cancer of the hematopoietic cells | show 🗑
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White blood cell | show 🗑
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show | Leukocytosis
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too few white blood cells | show 🗑
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show | Leukopoiesis
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show | Lice
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ligament that supports the duodenojejunal junction | show 🗑
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Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract distal to the ligament of Treitz | show 🗑
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a type of oral bacterial Cellulitis, or inflammation, that involves the floor of the mouth under the tongue | show 🗑
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show | Lyme Disease
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show | Lymph
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secondary circulatory system that collects overflow fluid from the tissue spaces and filters it before returning it to their circulatory system | show 🗑
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cell that attacks invader in immune response | show 🗑
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a cancer of the lymphatic system | show 🗑
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show | Macrophage
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a larvicidal peptide | show 🗑
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show | Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
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show | Mask
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specialized cell of the immune system that contains chemicals that assist in the immune response | show 🗑
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show | McBurney’s Point
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show | Measles
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the inner tissue of an organ such as the kidney | show 🗑
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show | Melena
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inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by an infection | show 🗑
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show | Mesenteric Ischemia
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a disease affecting the smallest blood vessels | show 🗑
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show | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
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show | Mononucleosis
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a cancerous disorder of plasma cells | show 🗑
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acute viral disease characterized by painful enlargement of the salivary glands | show 🗑
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show | Murphy’s Sign
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genetically predetermined immunity that is present at birth and has no relation to previous exposure to a particular pathogen. (aka Innate Immunity) | show 🗑
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show | Naturally Acquired Immunity
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show | Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF)
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show | Nephrology
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a microscopic structure within the kidney that produces urine | show 🗑
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show | Neutropenia
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the most common phagocytic white cell | show 🗑
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organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease | show 🗑
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show | Nosocomial
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show | Nosocomial Infection
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Organism that can grow and reproduce only within a host cell | show 🗑
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decrease urine elimination to 400 to 500 mLs or less per day | show 🗑
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ordinarily non harmful bacterium that causes disease only under unusual circumstances | show 🗑
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a membranous structure that separates the anterior aspect of the eye from the posterior aspect of the eye | show 🗑
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show | Organophosphates
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a painful swelling of the anterior tibial tubercle (bump on the upper tibia just below the knee), often involving both legs | show 🗑
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show | Osmolarity
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show | Osmosis
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greatly increase urination and dehydration that results when high levels of glucose cannot be absorbed into the blood from the kidney tubules and the osmotic pressure of the glucose in the tubules also prevents water reabsorption | show 🗑
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degradation of the joints | show 🗑
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show | Osteomyelitis
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show | Osteoporosis
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ulcerative colitis that affects the entire colon | show 🗑
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inflammation of the pancreas | show 🗑
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the tip of a pyramid; It juts into the hollow space of the kidney | show 🗑
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show | Parasite
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acquired immunity that results from administration of antibodies either from the mother to the infant across the placental barrier or through vaccination | show 🗑
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show | Pathogen
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show | Penis
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show | Peptic Ulcer
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show | Perinephric Abscess
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show | Peritonitis
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disease characterized by severe, violent coughing | show 🗑
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show | Phagocytosis
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show | Pharyngitis
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show | Photopigments
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show | Pinworm
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show | Plasma
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show | Pluripotent Stem Cell
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acute infection of the lung, including alveolar spaces an interstitial tissue | show 🗑
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show | Polycythemia
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pertaining to the flow of blood into the liver | show 🗑
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acute renal failure caused by obstruction distal to the kidney (aka Postrenal ARF) | show 🗑
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purified protein derivative, the substance used in a test for tuberculosis | show 🗑
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show | Prerenal AKI
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A management plan to minimize further damage to vital tissues | show 🗑
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show | Priapism
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initial, generalized response to an antigen | show 🗑
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show | Prions
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ulcerative colitis limited to the rectum | show 🗑
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show | Prostate Gland
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infection and inflammation of the prostate gland | show 🗑
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show | Protozoan
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the part of the tubule beyond Bowman’s Capsule | show 🗑
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a raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva of the eye | show 🗑
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show | Pyelonephritis
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show | Pyramids
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viral disorder that affects the nervous system | show 🗑
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show | Reabsorption
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show | Reduced Nephron Mass
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pain felt in location other than that of its origin | show 🗑
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show | Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)
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show | Renal
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show | Renal Calculi
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artificial replacement of some critical kidney functions | show 🗑
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show | Renal Pelvis
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show | Renin
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injury or inflammation of tissues caused by repeated motions | show 🗑
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show | Reservoir
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a host's ability to fight off infection | show 🗑
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show | Respirator
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show | Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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show | Reticuloendothelial System (RES)
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a chronic disease that leads to inflammation and injury to the joints and the surrounding tissues | show 🗑
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federal law that outlines the rights and responsibilities of agencies and health care workers when an infectious disease exposure occurs | show 🗑
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show | Scabies
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show | Scrotum
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an oily substance accreted onto the eyelids that keeps the lids soft and pliable | show 🗑
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show | Secondary Response
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The movement of a substance from the blood into a nephron tubule | show 🗑
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male reproductive fluid | show 🗑
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initial exposure of a person to an antigen that results in an immune response | show 🗑
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show | Sepsis
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show | Septic Arthritis
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show | Sequestration
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show | Seroconversion
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show | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
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show | Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
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show | Sickle Cell Disease
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show | Simple Diffusion
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inflammation of the paranasal sinuses | show 🗑
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show | Slow-Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
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show | Somatic Pain
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show | Sperm Cell
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show | Sterilization
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an infection of the eyelid caused by blockage of the oil glands associated with an eyelash (aka External Hordeolum) | show 🗑
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show | Substance Abuse
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entry of a substance into the body directly through the skin or mucous membrane | show 🗑
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show | Syphilis
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A whole-body inflammatory state | show 🗑
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a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs | show 🗑
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cells that attack invaders in cell-mediated immune responses | show 🗑
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an inflammation of a tendon | show 🗑
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show | Tenosynovitis
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show | Testes
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show | Testicular Torsion
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show | Tetanus
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the maximum tolerated dose divided by the minimum curatives dose of a drug; the range between curatives and toxic dosages (aka Therapeutic Window) | show 🗑
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show | Thrombocyte
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show | Thrombocytopenia
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an abnormal increase in the number of platelets | show 🗑
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the need to progressively increase the dose of a drug to reproduce the effect originally achieved by smaller doses | show 🗑
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study of the detection, chemistry, pharmacological actions, and antidotes of toxic substances | show 🗑
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a toxic syndrome; a group of typical signs and symptoms consistently associated with exposure to a particular type of toxin | show 🗑
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any poisonous chemicals accreted by bacteria or released following destruction of the bacteria; any chemical (drug, poison, or other) that causes adverse effects on an Organism that is exposed to it | show 🗑
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show | Trichinosis
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sexually transmitted disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas Vaginalis | show 🗑
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disease caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that primarily effects the respiratory system | show 🗑
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show | Ulcerative Colitis
🗑
|
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bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Trietz | show 🗑
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show | Urea
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show | Uremia
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show | Ureter
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the duct that carries urine from the bladder out of the body; in men, it also carries reproductive fluid (semen) to the outside of the body | show 🗑
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show | Urethritis
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the muscular organ that stores urine before its elimination from body | show 🗑
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a condition in which the bladder empties incompletely during urination | show 🗑
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the group of organs that produce urine, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance for the body | show 🗑
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show | Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
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show | Urine
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show | Urology
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|
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the raised areas, or wheals, that occur on the skin, associated with vasodilation due to histamine release (aka Hives) | show 🗑
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viral disease characterized by a rash of fluid filled vesicles that rupture, forming small ulcers that eventually scab (aka Chickenpox) | show 🗑
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show | Vas Deferens
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show | Virulence
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show | Virus
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doll, poorly localized pain that originates in the walls of hollow organs such as the ureter or bladder | show 🗑
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show | Vitreous Humor
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twisting of the intestine on itself | show 🗑
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show | Von Willebrand’s Disease
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administration of polyethylene glycol continuously at 1-2L/hr through a nasogastric tube until the effluent is clear or objects are recovered | show 🗑
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Time between exposure to a disease and seroconversion | show 🗑
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show | Withdrawal
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a disease caused by the zika virus and spread by the Aedes species of mosquitoes | show 🗑
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show | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
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What is the hallmark finding for a patient with an acute abdominal emergency? A. Pain B. Fever C. Nausea D. Vomiting | show 🗑
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show | B. Somatic
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show | C. 4-6 liters
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Persistent abdominal pain lasting longer than ___ hours is classified as a surgical emergency and always requires transport. A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 | show 🗑
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show | B. 20mL/kg
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show | C. Diverticulosis
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What is the most common surgical emergency the paramedic will encounter in the field, mostly in older children and young adults? A. Gastritis B. Appendicitis C. Cholecystitis D. Diverticulitis | show 🗑
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show | C. Upper right
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You are treating a patient with a positive Murphy's sign, nausea, and point tenderness. If you desire to administer an analgesic, you would use ___. A. Diazepam B. Fentanyl C. Nitroglycerin D. Uses none of these as analgesics are not warranted | show 🗑
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show | D. Hepatitis E
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Backup of food from the small intestine to the stomach is prevented by the ___. A. Pyloric sphincter B. Internal anal sphincter C. Ileocecal valve D. Lower esophageal sphincter | show 🗑
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show | D. Stomach
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show | C. Conversion of starch to maltose
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The hard chewing surface of a tooth is formed by ___ A. Enamel B. Gingiva C. Dentin D. Bone | show 🗑
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show | B. Elevation of the tongue
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In the gastric mucosa, the parietal cells secrete ____ A. Complete gastric juice B. Pepsinogen C. Hydrochloric acid D. Pepsin | show 🗑
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show | C. Hemoglobin
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Bile is stored by the ___ A, Hepatic duct B. Liver cells C. Common bile duct D. Gallbladder | show 🗑
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Bile and pancreatic juices are carried to the duodenum by the _ A. Cystic duct B. Pancreatic duct C. Hepatic duct D. Common bile duct | show 🗑
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Bicarbonate pancreatic juice is important to neutralize hydrochloric acid that enters the ___ A. Pancreas B. Duodenum C. Esophagus D. Stomach | show 🗑
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The capillary networks and lacteals in the villi of the small intestine are important for ___ A. Absorption of nutrients B. Mechanical digestion C. Increasing surface area D. Chemical digestion | show 🗑
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||||
The functions of the large intestines includes all of these except _ A. Elimination of undigested material B. Absorption of vitamins and minerals C. Absorption of water D. Digestion of starch | show 🗑
|
||||
The liver is able to detoxify potentially harmful substances by means of the synthesis of specific __ A. Lipoproteins B. Plasma proteins C. Enzymes D. Steroids | show 🗑
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||||
show | A. Cholecystokinin
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|
||||
show | D. Both A and B are correct
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|
||||
show | Lower esophageal sphincter; stomach contents; esophagus
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|
||||
show | Gallbladder
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|
||||
show | Cholecystectomy
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|
||||
show | Bacteria
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|
||||
A 44YOM has been diagnosed with hepatitis A. He feels very fatigued, has no appetite, and the white of his eyes appear yellow. This color is caused by excess___ in the blood, which the patient's damaged ___ cannot excrete rapidly. | show 🗑
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All of the following are considered part of the lower gastrointestinal tract EXCEPT the: A. Jejunum B. Ileum C. Duodenum D. Large Intestine | show 🗑
|
||||
Your patient, who has a history of cholecystitis, is experiencing pain in her right shoulder. She is most likely experiencing ___ pain. | show 🗑
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||||
show | B. Portal vein HTN & esophageal varices
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|
||||
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz is considered to be in the: A. Colon B. Small Intestine C. Lower GI Tract D. Upper GI Tract | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Bowman's Capsule
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|
||||
Water is reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood by __. A. Endocytosis B. Facilitated Diffusion C. Osmosis D. Active Transport | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Inferior vena cava
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|
||||
show | Decrease
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|
||||
show | Juxtaglomerular, afferent
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|
||||
If blood flow through the kidneys decreases, then the GFR will (increase or decrease)? | show 🗑
|
||||
To help maintain the normal pH of the blood, ___ ions may be secreted into the renal filtrate. A. Ammonium B. Sodium C. Chloride D. Hydrogen | show 🗑
|
||||
show | 1 minute
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|
||||
show | A. Active Transport
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|
||||
The muscular digestive tube in which food passes through the body from mouth to anus; includes the esophagus, pharynx, stomach, and intestines | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Ducts
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|
||||
show | Peristalsis
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|
||||
show | Propulsion
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|
||||
show | Segmentation
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|
||||
show | Mechanical Digestion
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|
||||
show | Chemical Digestion
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|
||||
show | Absorption
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|
||||
show | Defecation
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|
||||
show | C. Umbilical Region
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|
||||
show | B. Epigastric Region
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|
||||
In reference to the abdominal Regions, all of the following are part of the Inferior 3 Regions EXCEPT: A. Epigastric Region B. Left Iliac (Inguinal) Region C. Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region D. Hypogastric (Pubic) Region | show 🗑
|
||||
The inner peritoneum wrapped around the internal organs that are located inside the intraperitoneal cavity | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Parietal
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|
||||
show | Mesenteries
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|
||||
show | Masticate
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|
||||
The 2 leading causes of fatal anaphylactic reactions are injected penicillin and ___. A. Inhaled Substances B. Hymenoptera Stings C. Ingested Penicillin D. Eating Peanuts | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Pruritus
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|
||||
show | A. 0.3 mg 1:1,000 IM
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|
||||
show | 30 - 60
🗑
|
||||
show | Histamine
🗑
|
||||
show | Increase
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|
||||
show | Increase
🗑
|
||||
show | Enamel
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|
||||
The bone-like structure that underlies the enamel cap and forms the bulk of the tooth | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Hepatocytes
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|
||||
Cells of the liver that destroy bacteria, foreign particles, and worn-out red blood cells | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Hepatic Vein
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|
||||
show | Hepatic Artery
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|
||||
show | Hepatic Portal Vein
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|
||||
The liver plays a major role in manufacturing many of the substances required for ___ | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Hepatic Ducts
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|
||||
show | E. All of the above
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|
||||
Anemia that is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or a lack of intrinsic factor | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Aplastic Anemia
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|
||||
show | Hemolytic Anemia
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|
||||
show | Sickle-Cell Anemia
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|
||||
Anemia that is caused by a lack of dietary iron | show 🗑
|
||||
a hormone secreted by the thymus to stimulate T cell production in the peripheral lymphoid tissue | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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