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CBIC study notes

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Question
Answer
show Colonization  
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Entry of an infectious agent in the tissues of the host which multiplies and creates symptoms.   show
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Presence of mircroorganisms on inamimate objects, skin, or in substances   show
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Ability to cause disease   show
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show Invasiveness  
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Number of organisms needed for infection to occur   show
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Measure of the ability to cause disease   show
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show Reservoir  
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show Fomite  
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show Gram stain  
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show Gram positive  
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show Gram Negative  
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show Catalase test  
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Catalase positive   show
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show Streptococci  
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show Coagulase test  
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Coagulase positive   show
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show Not Staph areus  
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Bacteria classification is based on   show
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Must have oxygen to survive   show
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Does not need oxygen to survive   show
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Four groups of bacteria   show
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Gram + Cocci   show
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show BacillusListeriaClostridium  
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Gram - Cocci   show
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show KlebsiellaProteusMorganellaE coliSalmonellaCitrobacterEnterobacterShigellaPseudomonasAcinetobacter  
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First reacting antibody or immunoglobulin to be produced to fight off infection. Present in a current active infection. This is what is looked for on titers   show
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Mature already formed late occuring immunoglobulin of an immune response longest lived   show
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show Active immunity  
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Get antibody from an outside source   show
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Immediate immunity / B cell produces antibodies/ circulating always ready to go   show
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show Delayed hypersensitivity.  
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First cells to arrive at an inflammatory focus   show
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Induce allergic inflammatory response   show
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show Eosonophils  
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Staphylococcus   show
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show Gram + cocci appear often in pairsFeacalis seen in 90-95% of isolates found in GI tract.Faecium seen in 5-10% of isolates. Found in GI tract.  
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Streptococcus   show
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show Gram + rod/ spore forming/ anaerobic  
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Antimicrobial therapy initiated when no information about causitive pathogen is known, patient is sufficiently ill to warrant treatment before C&S tests are available or clinical site of infection may give an indication of likely pathogen   show
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show Therapeutic  
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Used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)   show
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The least amount of antimicrobial agent that inhibits the microbe   show
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Standard lawn of bacteria is placed on agar media/ reported as susceptible, intermidiate or resistant/ Paper disk impregnated with standard amount of antibiotic placed on agar surface/ zone of inhibition around disk measured at 16-24 hours dep on organism   show
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Computer assisted manual overnight broth dilution test system/ semiautomated overnight broth microdilution test system   show
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show Acute bacterial disease usually affecting the skinDiagnostic tesing blood, lesions or discharges by direct polychrome methylene blue stained smears or culturesIncubation period- hours to 7 days most w/n 48 hoursIsolation contactTx- Cipro, PCN,  
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Aspergillosis   show
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Hep A   show
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Diagnosic testing for Hep A   show
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show HVsAG is an outer surface component of HBV that serves as a marker for ongoing infection/ found in serum 1 to 2 months. Persistance beyond 6 months will indicate chronic infection/ HBc IgM is the first antibody detected  
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Diagnostic testing for Hep C   show
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show ESBLs  
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Fever   show
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show Should have few epithelia cells  
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The agent responsible for lyme disease   show
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show Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella, and MRSA  
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Recording and analyzing all medication administration errors from April 1 to April 30th on an internal medicine ward is an example of what kind of study?   show
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Starts with a healthy populations and follows them to measure develpment of disease and levels of exposure to possible risk factors   show
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show Double blind study  
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Failure to reject a false null hypothesis is called a   show
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show Ztest  
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The fishers exact test should be used instead of the Chi-square test for analysis of case-control findings when   show
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When delegating a project to an associate, you should   show
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A budget in which you detail by category every expenditure that you plan for the next year   show
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show Consultative  
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show Linear theoryContingency theorySystems theory  
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Takes into account all aspects of the situation   show
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show The impact of the program on patient outcomes  
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show monitoring outcomes and processes for quality management, identify problem areas for improvement, and to provide a baseline for comparison purposes.  
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show Cohort.  
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show Pandemic  
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Which immunoglobulin indicates a recent or active infection?   show
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Rapid diagnosis of RSV, adenovirus, and influenza can be acheived by using   show
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Scabies without previous exposure has an icubation period of   show
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show 1-4 days  
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show pneumococcal  
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Immunity to infectious disease of an adequate number or individuals in a population to be protective for those who are not immune to the disease is considered   show
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The type of surveillance that begins with results then looks at risk factors is   show
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The probability of not rejecting a false null hypothesis is considered a   show
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According to the Spaulding Classification system a laryngscope blade should be disinfected by what method?   show
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show Dead white blood cells  
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show Cognitive  
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show Bowie Dick test  
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show Iodophors  
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show Nurseries  
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When processing implantable devices, and ETO sterilzer should be monitored with commercial preparations of   show
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Gives you the most evidence that your instruments are sterile   show
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Heat and moisture senstive items are best sterilized by   show
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What percentage of microorgansisms is harmful to humans because they grow at room temperature   show
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When persons in a disease outbreak are described, what characteristics are included   show
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show Bacteria  
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the study of the relationship of the various factors determining the frequency and distribution of disease in a human community   show
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show immune system  
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show Resolved infections  
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An organism that lives upon, or within another organism and at whose expense, obtains some advantage   show
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show cellular  
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An obligate intracellular parasite that requires a living host cells to grow and reproduce   show
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show fungi  
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show IgM  
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show clean to dirty  
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show Spherical cocci, rod like bacillia, and spiral  
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show Hepatitis D  
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show peptidoglycans  
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An example of an obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium would be an organism responsible for   show
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When talking about AFB specimens, _____________identify the AFB, and ____________ identify the species   show
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show E coli  
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show neutrophils  
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The most common bacterial infection of vascular access site is   show
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show it should be cultured  
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show 1-3 months  
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show spirochete  
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greater than 80% lymphocytes in a CSF specimen with no organisms seen in usually indicative of meningitis caused by   show
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Seen in throat cultures   show
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_______________is the biological indicator used for steam high temp sterilization, PPO, Liquid paracetic acid   show
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show b. stubtilis  
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used for gas, plasma hydrogen peroxide   show
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used for ETO and dry heat   show
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show endemic  
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show epidemic  
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epidemic that involves large geographical areas or several continents   show
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show Herd immunity  
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number of cases of a disease exsisting in a population at a point in time   show
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number of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time   show
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show mortality rate  
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show validity  
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show Incidence rate  
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Example is device days   show
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show Attack rate  
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show surveillance  
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ability of a test (criterion) to detect a condition, if the condition is truly present. When we apply the test we only get positives   show
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Ability of a test (criterion) to not detect a condition if the condition is truly not present   show
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A group of individuals who are healthy/measure risk factors exposures over time/ look for differences in disease frequencies according to exposure levels   show
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Neither the researcher nor the subject know to which treatment group the subject is assigned   show
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The sum of the numbers by the total of the nubmer   show
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show Median  
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show Mode  
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show Range  
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show standard deviation  
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Normal distribution   show
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show descriptive statistics  
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show Inferential statistics  
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probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis   show
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show Beta type 2 error  
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When we know something about the population from which the sample is drawn   show
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What we use to compare our data   show
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show Fishers exact test  
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What happens when you calculate the p value between two rates?   show
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What can you conclude if the p value is small?   show
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What can you conclude if the p value is too large?   show
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What do tables do?   show
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show Displays and monitors trends in rates or numbers over time  
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show Compare size or frequency of different groups  
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Pie chart   show
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show Confirm the diagnosis  
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show Chi-square analysis  
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Gives direction for additional microbiological testing methods, directs the initial selelction of antimicrobial agents, helps determine the quality of the speicimen   show
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In order to formulate a hypothesis on the possible cause of an outbreak, the cases should be characterized by _________________   show
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Can be used to evaluate the effect of a variable on outcomes to calculate an odds ratio or relative risk if each cell of the table is greater than 5   show
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show inhibition of the organisms cell wall synthesis  
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show Person, place, and time  
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show Campylobacter  
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Describes an epidemic, is expressed as a percent, used for particular populations, and observed for a limited period of time   show
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The study of the distribution and determinants of disease, the study of the frequency, types and factors that influence, types of illness and/or injury in groups/ both a body of knowledge and a method of study   show
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show Surveillance  
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show # of new cases/population at risk x 100  
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A statistical test whose resluts indicate the probability of having committed a Type I error   show
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What happens normally in standard deviation?   show
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The most frequently used ratio of controls to cases to provide the best power in a case-control design study is   show
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show The data is small in numbers  
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show writing the report  
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The frequency measures most commonly used in healthcare epidemiology are   show
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Overall attack rate formula   show
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Incidence density rate formula   show
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show # of new cases/population at risk x constant  
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Have been attributed to improper collection of laboratory specimens, contamination of cultures by laboratory personnel, contamination of medical devices, municipal water supplies and diinfectants, improper categorization of community acquired infections   show
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Myabe defined as the ability of a test to detect true positives (persons with the disease) when applied to a population with the disease   show
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show a negative result will be more accurate that a positive  
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show Point source epidemics  
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the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number at risk during a given time and multiplied by a constant   show
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A study that first identifies persons with and without disease and then measures degrees of exposure to the risk factor   show
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Defined as the number of true negatives divided by the total number of persons without the disease x 100   show
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show Standard deviation  
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If a factor and a disease appear to be related only because of a common underlying conditio but the association disappears when the condition is controlled the assocaition is   show
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If an association is demonstrated consistently in a variety of studies it si   show
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show prove an association, only suggest that it exists  
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Useful for showing two sets of data on a single graph/uses lines and points/uses a histogram   show
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show Cleaning  
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show Sanitizing  
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show Decontamination  
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show Disinfection  
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show High level disinfectants  
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Kills most vegetative bacteria, most fungi, tubercle bacilli, and most viruses   show
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show Low-level disinfection  
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Chemical that destroys microorganisms used to kill disease causing microorganisms but not bacterial spores/used on both living tissues and inanimate objects   show
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inhibits the growth of bacteria but does not necessarily kill them   show
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show bactericidal  
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show Sterilization  
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a chemical that either inhibits the growth of microorganisms or destroys them   show
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A cleaning agent composed of a "surface wetting agent" which reduces the surface tension, a "builder" which is the principle cleaning agent, and a "sequestering or chelating agent" to suspend the soil   show
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The main three organisms a cleaner needs to kill to be approved as a hospital disinfectant   show
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Critical means that it has contact with normally   show
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show mucous membranes (except dental) non intact skin, does not penetrate surfaces  
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Non critical means that it has contact with   show
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All _________items needs to be sterile   show
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Stpes in the cleaning process for patient care supplies   show
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Steps in the endoscope disinfection/high level after leak test   show
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show washer sterilization  
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show Ultrasonic cleaner  
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show pasteurization  
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used in surgical suites, burn and TB units/ kills droplet nuclei killed by UV   show
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used on thermometers, stethoscopes, skin/effect against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses   show
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show Halogens/chlorines  
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show Halogens/iodophors  
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Used to clean floors, walls, furnishings and equipment/effective against bacteria, fungi and viruses/has a TB claim and cannot be used in nurseries   show
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show Quats  
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show Aldehydes/glutraldehyde  
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show formaldehyde  
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show Peroxygens/hydrogen peroxide  
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show Paracetic acid  
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Two methods of sterilization   show
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show Ethylene oxide  
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following surgery on a dirty wound, the greatest risk of infection complications is assoicated with   show
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show Chemically impregnated paper or strips/ pellet in glass tube/ Bowie dick test checks removal of air from the sterilizer and efficency of vacuum pump  
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show spore strips bacillus stearothermophilus or Bacillus subtilis/ AAMI recommends a biological indicator be used in the first load each day but at least once a week  
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show chromium copper and chlorine  
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show Fishbone diagram  
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A program or system for monitoring and providing safe environment for the employee and quality care for patients to reduce liability   show
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show A pie or circle map  
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In the ______domain the individual embraces new attitudes, values, and beliefs in the learning process   show
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the method of learning in which the educator provides the learner with a template or prescription for learning   show
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show assessing the educational needs of the learning population  
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used to determine the interests and readiness of the group to learn   show
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show Instruction objective  
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This domain has recall, application and analytical levels of knowledge; involves the development of intellectual abilities   show
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The domain is where learning embraces new attitudes, values, beliefs and ways of feeling; self esteem and desired to learn grows in caring respectful relationships   show
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This domain is where you are learning new skills or new wyas of acting or doing   show
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show Descriptive studies  
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Studies that compare individuals with and without an outcome with the presence of one or more risk factors   show
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show Cross-sectional study  
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population of individuals with and without an outcome of interest studied for exposure to one or more risk factos; studies are quicker, less expensive and easier   show
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show Cohort study  
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show Facilitator of learning  
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show Learning  
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show Cognitive learning  
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The art and science of helping adults to learn   show
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teaching a strategy that provides situational learning experiences close to real situations   show
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the originator of client-centered thearpy and the humanistic school learning theory   show
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Assists the learner to develop the skills of classifying and organizing infromation   show
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show Outcome based  
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What three categories do adult learners generally fall into?   show
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show Formative evaluation  
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Occurs after the program is complete to judge effectiveness   show
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Can be used to study peoples perceptions and experiences   show
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A major difference between a prospective and a retrospective study is that the prospective study may   show
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An advantage of a case-control study over a cohort study is   show
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show suggest an association  
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show participants and investigators do not affect the outcome by biases  
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A study that characterizes populations by time, person, and place   show
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show Restrict from patient contact unitl discharge ceases  
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show No restrictions  
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show Restrict from patient contact or food handling until symptoms resolve  
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show Restrict from care of high risk patients until symptoms resolve  
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show Exclude from duty until antimicrobial therapy is completed and two negaive cultures 24 hours apart  
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show restrict from care of infants, neonates, and immunocompromised patients until symptoms resolve  
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show Restrict from patient contact or food handling until 7 days after onset of jaundice  
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show Restrict from personnell who perform exposure prone procedures from duty until expert review council has been consulted, review state regulations, no restrictions for employeess who do not have exposure prone duties  
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Work restrictions for Hepatitis C   show
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show No restrictions  
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show Restrict until lesions healed  
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show Restrict from high risk until lesions heal  
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show Restrict personnel who perform exposure prone invasive procedures from duty until expert review council has been consulted, refer to state guidelines, no restrictions for employees who do not perform exposure prone procedures  
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Work restrictions for Measles   show
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show exclude from duty until 24 hours after start of effective therapy  
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Work restrictions for mumps   show
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show Restrict from patient contact until treated and observed to be free of adult and immature lice  
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show Exclude from dutly from beginning of catarrhal state through thrid week after onset of paroxyms or until 5 days after start of effective antimicrobialPost exposure- asymptomatic no restrictions but prophylaxis therapy is recommended  
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Work restrictions for rubella   show
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Work restrictions for scabies   show
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Work restrictions for Staph Aureus   show
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show Restrict from patient contact or food handling until 24 hours after adequate treatment started  
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Immunizations for hepatitis B   show
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Immunization for Measles live   show
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show One dose SC; no booster  
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Immunization for Rubella   show
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Immunization for Varicella Zoster   show
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Immunization for tetanus and Diptheria   show
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show Benzathine PCN or Erythromycin 1gm/day for 7 days  
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Prophylaxis for Hepatitis A   show
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show HBIG 0.06 ml/kg IM as soon as possible and within 7 days after exposure with first dose given at a different body site; if hepatitis B series has not been started 2nd dose of HBIG should be given 1 mo after 1st  
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Prophylaxis for memigococcal disease   show
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show Erythromycin 500mg QID PO x 14 daysBactrim PO BID x 14 daysZithromax 200mg day 1 then 250mg days 2-5  
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Interpretation of TB test   show
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show define the problem, create a hypothesis, and determine common factors to help determine the cause  
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show Elisa test and Western blot  
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Helpful in formulating a hypothesis on the sources and mode of transmission of an outbreak   show
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show an increase likelyhood of infectivity  
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show Weekly  
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show Geobacillus Stearothermophilus  
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Influenza vaccination rates in helathcare personnel is an example of a _____________indicator   show
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show 8 to 10 days  
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Employees with TST/PPD conversions should be categorized according to   show
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show Self instructional modules  
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In diagnostic testing for Hepatitis A ________is the antibody that appears during the acute illness and declines over 6-12 months. _________________rises later that IgM but persits indefinetly and is believed to be reponsible for lifelong immunity   show
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show HBsAG  
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HBsAG is found in the serum ____________after exposure   show
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show chronic infection  
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___________________the first antibody detected when testing for Hepatitis B and usually appears at the same time as symptoms begins   show
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show anti-HBc IgG  
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For adult learners, learning is often motivated by   show
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show Autocratic style  
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show democratic style  
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the leader promotes cohesion, open sharing, and collaboration among the group memebers but does not interfere or influence the decision making or direction of the process. The educator may withdraw his or her own opinions and ideas and serves to clarify   show
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the educator allows the members to determine the direction of the learning. The educator tells the members of the group the nature of the task and then removes themself from involvement.   show
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The presence of which antibodies to hepatitis A confirms the diagnosis of acute hepatitis A   show
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show time, place, and person  
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show Psychomotor learning  
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