CBIC study notes
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show | Colonization
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Entry of an infectious agent in the tissues of the host which multiplies and creates symptoms. | show 🗑
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Presence of mircroorganisms on inamimate objects, skin, or in substances | show 🗑
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Ability to cause disease | show 🗑
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show | Invasiveness
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Number of organisms needed for infection to occur | show 🗑
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Measure of the ability to cause disease | show 🗑
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show | Reservoir
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show | Fomite
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show | Gram stain
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show | Gram positive
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show | Gram Negative
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show | Catalase test
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Catalase positive | show 🗑
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show | Streptococci
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show | Coagulase test
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Coagulase positive | show 🗑
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show | Not Staph areus
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Bacteria classification is based on | show 🗑
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Must have oxygen to survive | show 🗑
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Does not need oxygen to survive | show 🗑
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Four groups of bacteria | show 🗑
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Gram + Cocci | show 🗑
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show | BacillusListeriaClostridium
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Gram - Cocci | show 🗑
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show | KlebsiellaProteusMorganellaE coliSalmonellaCitrobacterEnterobacterShigellaPseudomonasAcinetobacter
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First reacting antibody or immunoglobulin to be produced to fight off infection. Present in a current active infection. This is what is looked for on titers | show 🗑
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Mature already formed late occuring immunoglobulin of an immune response longest lived | show 🗑
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show | Active immunity
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Get antibody from an outside source | show 🗑
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Immediate immunity / B cell produces antibodies/ circulating always ready to go | show 🗑
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show | Delayed hypersensitivity.
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First cells to arrive at an inflammatory focus | show 🗑
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Induce allergic inflammatory response | show 🗑
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show | Eosonophils
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Staphylococcus | show 🗑
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show | Gram + cocci appear often in pairsFeacalis seen in 90-95% of isolates found in GI tract.Faecium seen in 5-10% of isolates. Found in GI tract.
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Streptococcus | show 🗑
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show | Gram + rod/ spore forming/ anaerobic
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Antimicrobial therapy initiated when no information about causitive pathogen is known, patient is sufficiently ill to warrant treatment before C&S tests are available or clinical site of infection may give an indication of likely pathogen | show 🗑
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show | Therapeutic
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Used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) | show 🗑
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The least amount of antimicrobial agent that inhibits the microbe | show 🗑
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Standard lawn of bacteria is placed on agar media/ reported as susceptible, intermidiate or resistant/ Paper disk impregnated with standard amount of antibiotic placed on agar surface/ zone of inhibition around disk measured at 16-24 hours dep on organism | show 🗑
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Computer assisted manual overnight broth dilution test system/ semiautomated overnight broth microdilution test system | show 🗑
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show | Acute bacterial disease usually affecting the skinDiagnostic tesing blood, lesions or discharges by direct polychrome methylene blue stained smears or culturesIncubation period- hours to 7 days most w/n 48 hoursIsolation contactTx- Cipro, PCN,
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Aspergillosis | show 🗑
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Hep A | show 🗑
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Diagnosic testing for Hep A | show 🗑
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show | HVsAG is an outer surface component of HBV that serves as a marker for ongoing infection/ found in serum 1 to 2 months. Persistance beyond 6 months will indicate chronic infection/ HBc IgM is the first antibody detected
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Diagnostic testing for Hep C | show 🗑
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show | ESBLs
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Fever | show 🗑
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show | Should have few epithelia cells
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The agent responsible for lyme disease | show 🗑
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show | Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella, and MRSA
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Recording and analyzing all medication administration errors from April 1 to April 30th on an internal medicine ward is an example of what kind of study? | show 🗑
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Starts with a healthy populations and follows them to measure develpment of disease and levels of exposure to possible risk factors | show 🗑
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show | Double blind study
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Failure to reject a false null hypothesis is called a | show 🗑
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show | Ztest
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The fishers exact test should be used instead of the Chi-square test for analysis of case-control findings when | show 🗑
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When delegating a project to an associate, you should | show 🗑
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A budget in which you detail by category every expenditure that you plan for the next year | show 🗑
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show | Consultative
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show | Linear theoryContingency theorySystems theory
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Takes into account all aspects of the situation | show 🗑
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show | The impact of the program on patient outcomes
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show | monitoring outcomes and processes for quality management, identify problem areas for improvement, and to provide a baseline for comparison purposes.
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show | Cohort.
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show | Pandemic
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Which immunoglobulin indicates a recent or active infection? | show 🗑
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Rapid diagnosis of RSV, adenovirus, and influenza can be acheived by using | show 🗑
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Scabies without previous exposure has an icubation period of | show 🗑
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show | 1-4 days
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show | pneumococcal
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Immunity to infectious disease of an adequate number or individuals in a population to be protective for those who are not immune to the disease is considered | show 🗑
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The type of surveillance that begins with results then looks at risk factors is | show 🗑
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The probability of not rejecting a false null hypothesis is considered a | show 🗑
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According to the Spaulding Classification system a laryngscope blade should be disinfected by what method? | show 🗑
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show | Dead white blood cells
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show | Cognitive
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show | Bowie Dick test
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show | Iodophors
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show | Nurseries
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When processing implantable devices, and ETO sterilzer should be monitored with commercial preparations of | show 🗑
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Gives you the most evidence that your instruments are sterile | show 🗑
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Heat and moisture senstive items are best sterilized by | show 🗑
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What percentage of microorgansisms is harmful to humans because they grow at room temperature | show 🗑
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When persons in a disease outbreak are described, what characteristics are included | show 🗑
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show | Bacteria
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the study of the relationship of the various factors determining the frequency and distribution of disease in a human community | show 🗑
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show | immune system
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show | Resolved infections
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An organism that lives upon, or within another organism and at whose expense, obtains some advantage | show 🗑
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show | cellular
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An obligate intracellular parasite that requires a living host cells to grow and reproduce | show 🗑
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show | fungi
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show | IgM
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show | clean to dirty
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show | Spherical cocci, rod like bacillia, and spiral
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show | Hepatitis D
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show | peptidoglycans
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An example of an obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium would be an organism responsible for | show 🗑
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When talking about AFB specimens, _____________identify the AFB, and ____________ identify the species | show 🗑
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show | E coli
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show | neutrophils
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The most common bacterial infection of vascular access site is | show 🗑
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show | it should be cultured
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show | 1-3 months
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show | spirochete
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greater than 80% lymphocytes in a CSF specimen with no organisms seen in usually indicative of meningitis caused by | show 🗑
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Seen in throat cultures | show 🗑
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_______________is the biological indicator used for steam high temp sterilization, PPO, Liquid paracetic acid | show 🗑
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show | b. stubtilis
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used for gas, plasma hydrogen peroxide | show 🗑
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used for ETO and dry heat | show 🗑
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show | endemic
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show | epidemic
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epidemic that involves large geographical areas or several continents | show 🗑
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show | Herd immunity
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number of cases of a disease exsisting in a population at a point in time | show 🗑
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number of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time | show 🗑
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show | mortality rate
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show | validity
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show | Incidence rate
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Example is device days | show 🗑
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show | Attack rate
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show | surveillance
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ability of a test (criterion) to detect a condition, if the condition is truly present. When we apply the test we only get positives | show 🗑
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Ability of a test (criterion) to not detect a condition if the condition is truly not present | show 🗑
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A group of individuals who are healthy/measure risk factors exposures over time/ look for differences in disease frequencies according to exposure levels | show 🗑
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Neither the researcher nor the subject know to which treatment group the subject is assigned | show 🗑
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The sum of the numbers by the total of the nubmer | show 🗑
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show | Median
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show | Mode
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show | Range
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show | standard deviation
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Normal distribution | show 🗑
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show | descriptive statistics
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show | Inferential statistics
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probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis | show 🗑
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show | Beta type 2 error
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When we know something about the population from which the sample is drawn | show 🗑
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What we use to compare our data | show 🗑
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show | Fishers exact test
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What happens when you calculate the p value between two rates? | show 🗑
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What can you conclude if the p value is small? | show 🗑
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What can you conclude if the p value is too large? | show 🗑
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What do tables do? | show 🗑
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show | Displays and monitors trends in rates or numbers over time
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show | Compare size or frequency of different groups
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Pie chart | show 🗑
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show | Confirm the diagnosis
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show | Chi-square analysis
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Gives direction for additional microbiological testing methods, directs the initial selelction of antimicrobial agents, helps determine the quality of the speicimen | show 🗑
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In order to formulate a hypothesis on the possible cause of an outbreak, the cases should be characterized by _________________ | show 🗑
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Can be used to evaluate the effect of a variable on outcomes to calculate an odds ratio or relative risk if each cell of the table is greater than 5 | show 🗑
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show | inhibition of the organisms cell wall synthesis
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show | Person, place, and time
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show | Campylobacter
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Describes an epidemic, is expressed as a percent, used for particular populations, and observed for a limited period of time | show 🗑
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The study of the distribution and determinants of disease, the study of the frequency, types and factors that influence, types of illness and/or injury in groups/ both a body of knowledge and a method of study | show 🗑
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show | Surveillance
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show | # of new cases/population at risk x 100
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A statistical test whose resluts indicate the probability of having committed a Type I error | show 🗑
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What happens normally in standard deviation? | show 🗑
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The most frequently used ratio of controls to cases to provide the best power in a case-control design study is | show 🗑
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show | The data is small in numbers
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show | writing the report
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The frequency measures most commonly used in healthcare epidemiology are | show 🗑
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Overall attack rate formula | show 🗑
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Incidence density rate formula | show 🗑
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show | # of new cases/population at risk x constant
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Have been attributed to improper collection of laboratory specimens, contamination of cultures by laboratory personnel, contamination of medical devices, municipal water supplies and diinfectants, improper categorization of community acquired infections | show 🗑
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Myabe defined as the ability of a test to detect true positives (persons with the disease) when applied to a population with the disease | show 🗑
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show | a negative result will be more accurate that a positive
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show | Point source epidemics
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the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number at risk during a given time and multiplied by a constant | show 🗑
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A study that first identifies persons with and without disease and then measures degrees of exposure to the risk factor | show 🗑
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Defined as the number of true negatives divided by the total number of persons without the disease x 100 | show 🗑
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show | Standard deviation
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If a factor and a disease appear to be related only because of a common underlying conditio but the association disappears when the condition is controlled the assocaition is | show 🗑
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If an association is demonstrated consistently in a variety of studies it si | show 🗑
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show | prove an association, only suggest that it exists
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Useful for showing two sets of data on a single graph/uses lines and points/uses a histogram | show 🗑
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show | Cleaning
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show | Sanitizing
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show | Decontamination
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show | Disinfection
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show | High level disinfectants
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Kills most vegetative bacteria, most fungi, tubercle bacilli, and most viruses | show 🗑
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show | Low-level disinfection
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Chemical that destroys microorganisms used to kill disease causing microorganisms but not bacterial spores/used on both living tissues and inanimate objects | show 🗑
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inhibits the growth of bacteria but does not necessarily kill them | show 🗑
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show | bactericidal
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show | Sterilization
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a chemical that either inhibits the growth of microorganisms or destroys them | show 🗑
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A cleaning agent composed of a "surface wetting agent" which reduces the surface tension, a "builder" which is the principle cleaning agent, and a "sequestering or chelating agent" to suspend the soil | show 🗑
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The main three organisms a cleaner needs to kill to be approved as a hospital disinfectant | show 🗑
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Critical means that it has contact with normally | show 🗑
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show | mucous membranes (except dental) non intact skin, does not penetrate surfaces
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Non critical means that it has contact with | show 🗑
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All _________items needs to be sterile | show 🗑
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Stpes in the cleaning process for patient care supplies | show 🗑
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Steps in the endoscope disinfection/high level after leak test | show 🗑
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show | washer sterilization
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show | Ultrasonic cleaner
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show | pasteurization
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used in surgical suites, burn and TB units/ kills droplet nuclei killed by UV | show 🗑
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used on thermometers, stethoscopes, skin/effect against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses | show 🗑
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show | Halogens/chlorines
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show | Halogens/iodophors
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Used to clean floors, walls, furnishings and equipment/effective against bacteria, fungi and viruses/has a TB claim and cannot be used in nurseries | show 🗑
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show | Quats
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show | Aldehydes/glutraldehyde
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show | formaldehyde
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show | Peroxygens/hydrogen peroxide
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show | Paracetic acid
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Two methods of sterilization | show 🗑
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show | Ethylene oxide
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following surgery on a dirty wound, the greatest risk of infection complications is assoicated with | show 🗑
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show | Chemically impregnated paper or strips/ pellet in glass tube/ Bowie dick test checks removal of air from the sterilizer and efficency of vacuum pump
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show | spore strips bacillus stearothermophilus or Bacillus subtilis/ AAMI recommends a biological indicator be used in the first load each day but at least once a week
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show | chromium copper and chlorine
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show | Fishbone diagram
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A program or system for monitoring and providing safe environment for the employee and quality care for patients to reduce liability | show 🗑
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show | A pie or circle map
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In the ______domain the individual embraces new attitudes, values, and beliefs in the learning process | show 🗑
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the method of learning in which the educator provides the learner with a template or prescription for learning | show 🗑
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show | assessing the educational needs of the learning population
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used to determine the interests and readiness of the group to learn | show 🗑
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show | Instruction objective
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This domain has recall, application and analytical levels of knowledge; involves the development of intellectual abilities | show 🗑
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The domain is where learning embraces new attitudes, values, beliefs and ways of feeling; self esteem and desired to learn grows in caring respectful relationships | show 🗑
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This domain is where you are learning new skills or new wyas of acting or doing | show 🗑
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show | Descriptive studies
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Studies that compare individuals with and without an outcome with the presence of one or more risk factors | show 🗑
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show | Cross-sectional study
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population of individuals with and without an outcome of interest studied for exposure to one or more risk factos; studies are quicker, less expensive and easier | show 🗑
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show | Cohort study
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show | Facilitator of learning
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show | Learning
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show | Cognitive learning
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The art and science of helping adults to learn | show 🗑
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teaching a strategy that provides situational learning experiences close to real situations | show 🗑
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the originator of client-centered thearpy and the humanistic school learning theory | show 🗑
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Assists the learner to develop the skills of classifying and organizing infromation | show 🗑
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show | Outcome based
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What three categories do adult learners generally fall into? | show 🗑
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show | Formative evaluation
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Occurs after the program is complete to judge effectiveness | show 🗑
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Can be used to study peoples perceptions and experiences | show 🗑
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A major difference between a prospective and a retrospective study is that the prospective study may | show 🗑
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An advantage of a case-control study over a cohort study is | show 🗑
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show | suggest an association
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show | participants and investigators do not affect the outcome by biases
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A study that characterizes populations by time, person, and place | show 🗑
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show | Restrict from patient contact unitl discharge ceases
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show | No restrictions
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show | Restrict from patient contact or food handling until symptoms resolve
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show | Restrict from care of high risk patients until symptoms resolve
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show | Exclude from duty until antimicrobial therapy is completed and two negaive cultures 24 hours apart
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show | restrict from care of infants, neonates, and immunocompromised patients until symptoms resolve
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show | Restrict from patient contact or food handling until 7 days after onset of jaundice
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show | Restrict from personnell who perform exposure prone procedures from duty until expert review council has been consulted, review state regulations, no restrictions for employeess who do not have exposure prone duties
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Work restrictions for Hepatitis C | show 🗑
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show | No restrictions
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show | Restrict until lesions healed
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show | Restrict from high risk until lesions heal
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show | Restrict personnel who perform exposure prone invasive procedures from duty until expert review council has been consulted, refer to state guidelines, no restrictions for employees who do not perform exposure prone procedures
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Work restrictions for Measles | show 🗑
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show | exclude from duty until 24 hours after start of effective therapy
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Work restrictions for mumps | show 🗑
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show | Restrict from patient contact until treated and observed to be free of adult and immature lice
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show | Exclude from dutly from beginning of catarrhal state through thrid week after onset of paroxyms or until 5 days after start of effective antimicrobialPost exposure- asymptomatic no restrictions but prophylaxis therapy is recommended
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Work restrictions for rubella | show 🗑
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Work restrictions for scabies | show 🗑
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Work restrictions for Staph Aureus | show 🗑
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show | Restrict from patient contact or food handling until 24 hours after adequate treatment started
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Immunizations for hepatitis B | show 🗑
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Immunization for Measles live | show 🗑
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show | One dose SC; no booster
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Immunization for Rubella | show 🗑
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Immunization for Varicella Zoster | show 🗑
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Immunization for tetanus and Diptheria | show 🗑
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show | Benzathine PCN or Erythromycin 1gm/day for 7 days
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Prophylaxis for Hepatitis A | show 🗑
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show | HBIG 0.06 ml/kg IM as soon as possible and within 7 days after exposure with first dose given at a different body site; if hepatitis B series has not been started 2nd dose of HBIG should be given 1 mo after 1st
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Prophylaxis for memigococcal disease | show 🗑
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show | Erythromycin 500mg QID PO x 14 daysBactrim PO BID x 14 daysZithromax 200mg day 1 then 250mg days 2-5
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Interpretation of TB test | show 🗑
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show | define the problem, create a hypothesis, and determine common factors to help determine the cause
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show | Elisa test and Western blot
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Helpful in formulating a hypothesis on the sources and mode of transmission of an outbreak | show 🗑
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show | an increase likelyhood of infectivity
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show | Weekly
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show | Geobacillus Stearothermophilus
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Influenza vaccination rates in helathcare personnel is an example of a _____________indicator | show 🗑
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show | 8 to 10 days
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Employees with TST/PPD conversions should be categorized according to | show 🗑
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show | Self instructional modules
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In diagnostic testing for Hepatitis A ________is the antibody that appears during the acute illness and declines over 6-12 months. _________________rises later that IgM but persits indefinetly and is believed to be reponsible for lifelong immunity | show 🗑
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show | HBsAG
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HBsAG is found in the serum ____________after exposure | show 🗑
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show | chronic infection
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___________________the first antibody detected when testing for Hepatitis B and usually appears at the same time as symptoms begins | show 🗑
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show | anti-HBc IgG
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For adult learners, learning is often motivated by | show 🗑
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show | Autocratic style
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show | democratic style
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the leader promotes cohesion, open sharing, and collaboration among the group memebers but does not interfere or influence the decision making or direction of the process. The educator may withdraw his or her own opinions and ideas and serves to clarify | show 🗑
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the educator allows the members to determine the direction of the learning. The educator tells the members of the group the nature of the task and then removes themself from involvement. | show 🗑
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The presence of which antibodies to hepatitis A confirms the diagnosis of acute hepatitis A | show 🗑
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show | time, place, and person
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show | Psychomotor learning
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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