psych 315
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| race is a... | social construct and category; it is not biological
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| race is used to... | create, define and reinforce stereotypes
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| how do we classify someone as being white | the definition of race is always changing - therefore, there is no "definite" way to classify someone as being white
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| our culture determines... | how we think about and consider race
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| culture and time influences our... | perceptions of race and beliefs about groups
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| what does it mean to be heterosexual in our society? | you are a part of the majority, you are seen as more accepted/acceptable
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| being heterosexual in our society is considered... | privilege
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| what does it mean to be white in our society? | white people often have more privilege
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| white/group/male privilege | a system of unearned advantages based on one's social category
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| drapetomania | coined by Dr. Samuel Cartwright in 1850 - slaves that ran away from bondage were seen as mentally ill
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| internal attribution | easy to blame other people when negative things have happened to you/those around you
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| privilege is most invisible to... | the privileged
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| denying privilege makes equality/equity seem like... | reverse discrimination
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| equality | everyone benefits from the same supports
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| equity | everyone gets the support they need (this is also called affirmative action)
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| equity is not... | discriminating against anyone
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| justice | everyone gets the same support or accomodation because the causes of inequity were addressed
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| what are some common reactions to privilege? | guilt and denial; acceptance, but not seeing any personal benefits; acceptance and using it for social justice
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| prejudice | attitudes (typically negative) about certain members of a social group as well as an entire social group
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| non prejudiced people can have negative attitudes and behaviors towards... | outgroup members
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| stereotypes | beliefs about the traits and behaviors of members of a social group(s)
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| stereotypes usually lead us to... | labelling people incorrectly or inappropriately (ex: thugs, terrorists, illegal immigrants)
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| intersectionality | an overlap in social categories alters stereotypes
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| discrimination | differential treatment of others based on their social group
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| interpersonal discrimination | one on one discrimination (ex: sexual harrassment)
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| organizational discrimination | practices rules of formal organization or governments that lead to discrimination
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| institutional discrimination | practices in social institutions that results in unfair treatment (ex: legal, housing, or educational systems)
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| cultural discrimination | devaluing cultural norms and perspectives of other groups
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| institutional and cultural discrimination can be... | hard to detect most of the time
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| racism | stronger and more pervasive than other forms of discrimination in the US
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| other forms of discrimination in the US | heterosexism, weight bias, religious discrimination, classism, sexism, ageism, ableism, etc.
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| changing prejudice | most do not consciously admit to prejudice thoughts/actions, but extensive research suggests otherwise
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| physiological tests | measure a body's change in stimulus
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| unobtrusive behavioral measurements | subtle behavioral measures that disguise their intent
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| what is considered old fashioned racism and sexism | any absurd law created in the Jim Crow Era
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| what is old fashioned sexism and racism? | the belief that white males were genetically superior and subordinate segregation was acceptable
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| racial/gender resentment | resenting complaints from minorities and women about discrimination
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| prejudice and character | most believe that only "bad" people are prejudiced
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| explicit prejudice | conscious activation of stereotypes, thoughts, and beliefs
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| implicit prejudice | unconscious activation of stereotypes, thoughts and feelings when perceiving an outgroup member
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| implicit prejudice can predict... | nonverbal behaviors, automatic reactions, and biased judgements (ex: hiring, and medical decisions)
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| modern/symbolic prejudice | the belief that minority groups are morally inferior to majority groups and lack traditional values
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| modern/symbolic prejudice often believes that... | discrimination complaints are unjustified, wealth and education gaps are due to lack of motivation/values/morals
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| egalitarian views | feel threatened by programs that help minority groups improve
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| with modern/symbolic prejudice people are socialized to... | feel a degree of negative emotions towards certain minority groups (aka gender/racial resentment)
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| discrimination | occurs when it can be justified by non-racial/sex/religious groups
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| discriminatory people typically have... | strong negative implicit/explicit attitudes towards a certain group
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| aversive prejudice | the belief in equality, but ignoring and/or avoiding eye contact with certain minority groups
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| people with aversive prejudice often feel like... | they do not have close, intimate contacts/relationships with people in these groups
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| people with aversive prejudice often reject... | moral inferiority arguments and may support equity programs like affirmative action
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| people with aversive prejudice often avoid... | intimate, unstructured, and prolonged contact with certain groups
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| people with aversive prejudice may... | discriminate in ambiguous situations (ex; unobtrusive tests)
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| ambivalent prejudice | having both positive and negative explicit and negative implicit benefits
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| individualism values | everyone is responsible for themselves and their own lives/values
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| egalitarian values | love thy neighbor as yourself
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| individualism values often conflict with egalitarian values | overemphasis on one value set depending on context/primes to reduce conflicted feelings
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| response amplification | extremely positive/negative behavior towards an outgroup member
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| benevolent prejudice | positive beliefs about a minority group(s) that keep them in a low status/power position
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| ambivalent sexism | a mix of hostile and benevolent sexism (ex: chivalry)
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