Fundamentals of Counseling
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| Explain the difference between emotion and mood, ego-dystonic and ego syntonic, and clinical assessment and diagnosis | Emotion is a state arising spontaneously as a reaction to some stimulus and is usually accompanied by physiological changes in the person's body. Mood is a state of mind, which can be caused by emotions, events, or a combination of the two. Ego-dystonic
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| Define psychological dysfunction | A breakdown in a person's thought processes, emotional functions or behavior. A diagnosis of psychological dysfunction must consider the person's cultural context, his personal distress and the extent to which his ability to function is impaired.
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| Define etiology | The study of the causes of disease or abnormal conditions, whether the cause is biological, psychological, or arises from the person's social environment.
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| Define comorbidity | The coexistence of two or more diseases or disorders such as alcoholism and depression. The conditional may have a causal relationship with each other, or there may be an underlying predisposition for both or all of them.
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| Define adaptive functioning | Coping with stressful situations through defense mechanisms such as anticipation, humor, and sublimation. Persons who fail to adapt can develop a breach with reality.
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| Define codependents | People in relationships with addicted or troubled people. Some form of psychological dysfunction may also be involved. It can be with lovers, spouses, family, friends, or coworkers. The codependent becomes an enabler or rescuer for the other person.
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| Define mediation | The resolution of a conflict between two or more parties by the intervention of a neutral party.
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| Define assertiveness training | A psychotherapy method that helps a person to learn to state both negative and positive feelings directly. The method does not encourage aggressive behavior.
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| Define adrogyny | Having both male and female characteristics.
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| Define equifinality | Multiple paths leading to the same outcome. An example of equifinality in abnormal human behavior would be physical injury or illness, the loss of a loved one or alcoholism leading to depression.
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| Explain the difference between diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, recommendation, statistical norm and cultural norm. | Diagnosis is the identification of a disease based on the symptoms or through laboratory tests. Prognosis is the prospect of recovery from a disease based on its usual course or the particularities of the specific case. Intervention is the introduction
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| Define accountability | Being responsibility or accountable for one’s actions. This means being able to explain or justify treatment decisions and activities used with a client.
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| Define paralanguage | It is nonphonemic properties of speech such as intonation, pitch, tempo, and gestures to convey attitude or meaning.
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| Define contextualism | The concept that behavior, decisions and actions must be understood in context.
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| Define culture vs society | It is the shared norms, values, arts, beliefs, and institutions of a community or population. Society is a population the occupies a defined territory and have shared interests and institutions.
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| Define therapeutic surrender |
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