Research Methodology
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| show | The design or plan for research.
Depends on which theory is being used.
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| What are some characteristics of the Research Methodology? | show 🗑
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| show | Affects on one or more of your senses.
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| show | Any factor that you're interested in.
Example: behaviors and mental processes: attention, avoidance.
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| show | Step 1: Provide an operational definition: a SPECIFIC description of your variable.
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| Does your research have to be able to be duplicated? | show 🗑
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| show | All members of a group.
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| show | CONSENT of the participators.
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| show | A subset of a population. You want your sample to be representative (same characteristics of the population).
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| Define Randomization. | show 🗑
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| Non-Experimental Design Research | show 🗑
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| show | The association between two variables.
Requires descriptive information and is a STATISTICAL MEASURE.
Example: eating good foods is ASSOCIATED with good health.
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| show | A number or outcome that is between 0-1.
The closer to zero, the less RELATED the variables are and vice versa with one.
There will never be a perfect association.
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| show | 1. greater than or equal to 0.10 is SMALL (WEAK)
2. greater than or equal to 0.30 is MODERATE
3. greater than or equal to 0.50 is LARGE (STRONG)
An example would be gratitude and happiness.
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| What are the types of association? | show 🗑
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| show | If variable one increases, variable two increases.
If variable one decreases, variable two decreases.
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| show | Variables move in opposite directions. (Increase leads to decrease).
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| show | Correlation is predictive.
Correlation is not causation.
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| More examples of correlation. | show 🗑
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| Conclusion of Non-Experimental Methods | show 🗑
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| Experimental Design Research | show 🗑
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| show | Experimental research is directional, specific and causal.
The goal of experimental designs are to draw causal conclusions.
Example: 'x' leads to 'y' & the effect of 'x' on 'y'
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| What does causal knowledge rely on? | show 🗑
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| Why is randomization important? | show 🗑
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| show | The systematic change to one or more variables.
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| show | Holding other variable constant.
We don't want them to have an impact on the outcome.
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| Why, when used in a sentence, is the timing (order of the variables) important? | show 🗑
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| show | SPECIFIC NAMES that tell you about their purpose.
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| Independent Variable (IV) | show 🗑
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| Dependent Variable (DV) | show 🗑
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| More on the design of Experimental Research | show 🗑
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| show | The control group is not exposed to the independent variable.
Often times they display behaviors that are a comparable experience or are due to a placebo.
Example: having a group of people journaling, but not specifically focused on gratitude.
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| What is a placebo? | show 🗑
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| What is the placebo effect? | show 🗑
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| How do you finish/conclude your experimental research? | show 🗑
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| show | When you divide your sample across your groups (the different participants).
Randomly assigning to groups sharing similar characteristics.
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| show | In essence, so we get a ballpark solution. Individuals will have different experiences, but all will be making, hopefully, similar statements.
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| show | The SAME PARTICIPANTS in each group, each having ALL POSSIBLE EXPERIENCES.
Repeated exposure to experiment (no expectations).
Randomize order of exposure, minimizes the placebo effect.
In the end you have before and afters.'
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| show | 1. Form a testable hypothesis that we can gather evidence to support.
2. Manipulate your IV's
Also controlling other variables (location, wardrobe, etc)
3. Collect data: DV
4. Analyze Data: change in DV across two groups
5. Conclusion: IV caused DV
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