Physio prepjet study content 2023
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| Ischemic Stroke | show 🗑
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| show | blockage of an artery for less than five minutes that causes temporary symptoms. Warning more severe
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| show | due to bleeding that occurs when there is a rupture in a cerebral artery within the brain (intracerebral hemorrhage) or in the space between the brain and the membrane that covers the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage).
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| show | most often involved in a stroke. Symptoms: contralateral sensory loss, contra hemiparesis (weakness) or hemiplegia (paralysis), contral visual field loss, dysarthria (slurred speech), and aphasia w/domhemisphere ior apraxia/contral neglect w/ nondom hemis
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| show | contralateral sensory loss and hemiparesis, contralateral homonymous hemianopsia or other visual impairment,
dysarthria, nausea and vomiting, and memory loss.
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| anterior cerebral artery -stroke | show 🗑
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| TBI -anterograde amnesia | show 🗑
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| show | When retrograde amnesia occurs, recent long-term memories are affected more than remote memories; and, when lost memories begin to return, those from the most distant past are recovered first.
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| show | Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) occur within one week after TBI and can often be successfully treated with anti-seizure medication. When seizures occur more than 1 wk after TBI, classified as post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). PTE is harder to treat than PTS
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| TBI seizure/facts | show 🗑
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| Huntingtons disease | show 🗑
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| Huntington’s disease | show 🗑
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| Parkinson’s disease | show 🗑
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| Parkinson’s disease | show 🗑
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| show | early stages with L-dopa (levodopa), increases dopamine levels. deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to reduce motor sym. implanting electrodes that deliver electrical impulses in areas of brain.
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| Focal onset seizures | show 🗑
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| Generalized onset seizures | show 🗑
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| show | most common type of focal onset seiz and may begin with an aura that involves experiencing a strange taste or odor, a rising sensation in the stomach, sudden intense fear or other emotion, or a sense of déjà vu (familiarity) or jamais vu (unfamiliarity).
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| Causes of temporal lobe seizures | show 🗑
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| show | often occur during sleep and last less than 30 secs. Sympt: kicking, rocking, bicycle pedaling, repetitive movements; abn body posturing (fencing posture); screams/laughter; trouble speaking w/ intact comprehension; autonomic symptoms.
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| Generalized onset non-motor seizures are also known as absence seizures and petit mal seizures-symptoms | show 🗑
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| Primary hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | diagnosed when high blood pressure due to a known disease. Primary hypertension accounts for up to 90% of all cases and is referred to as the “silent killer” because it’s often asymptomatic.
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| show | is caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, symptoms increased rate of metabolism, elevated body temperature, heat intolerance, increased appetite with weight loss, accelerated heart rate, insomnia, emotional lability, and reduced attention span
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| Hypothyroidism | show 🗑
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| central diabetes insipidus | show 🗑
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| show | Type 2 diabetes is the more common type of diabetes and occurs when the pancreas produces an insufficient amount of insulin or the body is unable to use the insulin produced by the pancreas
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| show | Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. There is evidence that a genetic predisposition is the primary risk factor fo
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| show | EEG is used to measure the brain’s electrical activity using small electrodes (sensors) that are placed on the scalp to assess activity in the brain area adjacent each line indicates frequency and pattern of activity in a different area of the brain.
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| show | EEG is useful for quickly identifying changes in brain activity in response to stimuli; assisting with the diagnosis of seizure disorders, brain injuries and tumors, and sleep disorders; and confirming brain death
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| show | approved by the FDA
diagnostic can be used in conj w/medical and psych exams to diagnose ADHD in individuals 6 to 17 years of age. assesses the ratio of theta /beta brain waves, higher in kids/teens w/ADHD than those w/o it.
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| CT scan | show 🗑
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| Mri perks | show 🗑
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| show | information brain activity by assessing glucose consumption /oxygen cons-measuring regional cerebral bld flow /blood volume. positron emission tomography (PET), single photon (SPECT), and (fMRI). PET.SPECT both use radioactive tracers into bloodstream
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| show | loss of norepinephrine neurons in this area of the brain has been linked to several of the non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease including depression, cognitive deficits, and sleep disturbances.
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| show | inability to express or understand variations in the rhythm, pitch, timing, and loudness of speech that are used to convey emotional information.
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| DTI | show 🗑
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| Cannon bard | show 🗑
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| Zilmans excitation transfer theory | show 🗑
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| Lazarus cognitive appraisal theory | show 🗑
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| show | subcortical system is also referred to as the survival system. reacts quickly and automatically.cortical system aka conscious emotional system. processes information from the senses, subcortical system, episodic /semantic memory using cognitive processes
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| Cerebral cortex dominant hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | mediate sadness and other negative emotions, and damage to these areas produces an “indifference reaction” that involves inappropriate indifference and/or euphoria.
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| Selye’s (1976) general adaptation syndrome, which proposes that the body’s response to all types of stress is the same | show 🗑
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| McEwen’s allostatic load model | show 🗑
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| show | studies finding that bilateral lesions in certain areas can produce rage and that electrical stimulation of certain areas can cause other emotions such as pleasure or fear.
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| show | Research supporting the facial feedback hypothesis has found that mimicking a facial expression that’s associated with a specific emotion causes us to experience that emotion – e.g., smiling makes us feel happy.
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| James Lange theory | show 🗑
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| show | Red-green l is the most freq type, most often due to a genetic mutation but can also be the result of injury or disease (diabetes, ms). The genetic form is caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome. more common in males because they have only one X
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| show | depend on both eyes, responsible for depth perception of objects that are relatively close, include retinal disparity/convergence. Retinal disparity occurs because 2 eyes see objects from 2 diff views and, the closer an object, the greater the disparity
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| Blue yellow color blindness | show 🗑
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| Opponent process theory | show 🗑
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| show | the retina contains three types of color receptors (cones) – red, blue, and green. Trichromatic theory applies to the initial level of processing in the retina.
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| Photoreceptors | show 🗑
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| show | transmits information from the body’s smooth muscles and organs to the CNS, and vice versa. It’s responsible for activities that are usually considered involuntary,
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| show | when the right parietal lobe is damaged in childhood and the left parietal lobe takes over its visuospatial functions, the mathematical functions normally carried out by the left parietal lobe may be impaired
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| show | This type of neuroplasticity often occurs when people are learning and practicing a new skill such as playing a musical instrument
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| show | For instance, when people lose their spatial sense (sense of direction) as the result of a brain injury, they may rely on memorizing landmarks to get from one place to another
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| Dopamine | show 🗑
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| show | It’s an essential part of the brain’s “reward circuit” and plays a role in the reinforcing effects of cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and other substances of abuse
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| Mesocortical dopa pathway | show 🗑
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| show | impaired comprehension of spoken and written language and fluent speech that’s devoid of meaning.
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