PSYCH 11 MIDTERMS
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| It is the study of inherited characteristics of heredity. | show 🗑
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| What is the basic principle? | show 🗑
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| Father of modern genetics | show 🗑
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| show | Laws of Heredity
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| Mendel's laws became the theoretical basis for ___________ and _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Sir Francis Galton
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| show | Charles Darwin
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| show | Gene
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| It is the actual carrier of genetic information | show 🗑
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| show | DNA, chromosome
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| This is a gene that carries the trait manifested, sucha s brown eyes, Hungtington's disease, neurological disorder | show 🗑
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| show | Recessive gene
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| show | Polygenic
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| There are ___ chromosomes in the human reproductive system | show 🗑
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| show | somatic chromosomes, sex chromosomes
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| show | 44 somatic chromosomes & 2 sex chromosomes
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| show | Male: xy
Female: xx
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| show | Karyotype
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| show | Down Syndrome
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| Down Syndrome is also known as ______________. | show 🗑
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| Physical characteristics/symptoms of people with Down syndrome | show 🗑
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| This is due to additional x to number 23 (XXY) | show 🗑
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| show | typically tall, may have small testes, and slight breast development
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| Has only X and no Y or X (sex chromosomes). In this disorder, a female has one functioning X chromosome instead of two. In males, will result to retarded sexual development | show 🗑
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| Turner’s Syndrome is also known as _________. | show 🗑
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| show | typically short, with a thick, webbed neck
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| Two types of Twins | show 🗑
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| when one ovum is ripened and released and the zygote splits into distinct parts in the early part of the cell division. As a result, they will resemble each other in all heredity traits | show 🗑
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| show | Fraternal Twins or dizygotic
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| Twin Study Method by _________________. | show 🗑
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| show | Twin Study Method
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| show | Experience
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| show | Experience and Heredity
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| show | Nervous System
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| show | (1) Integration and Control of Body Processes
(2) Integration and Control of Higher Mental Processes
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| show | (1) Central Nervous System
(2) Peripheral Nervous System
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| Functional Unit of the Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | Neuron
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| Function Types of Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | Motor Neuron
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| PNS -> via afferent nerves | show 🗑
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| show | Interneuron
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| show | (1) Axon
(2) Dendrite
(3) Axon Terminals
(4) Synaptic Vesicles or "Fluid-Filled Sac"
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| These are fatty substances that produce by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect and speed up the neural impulse | show 🗑
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| grey fatty cells that provide support the neurons to grow and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons, and clean up waste products and dead neurons | show 🗑
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| are bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through the body | show 🗑
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| show | Polarized State
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| Nerve Impulse Transmission Key Concept/Term Negatively charged ions | show 🗑
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| show | Cations
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| show | Sodium ion
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| show | Potassium Ion
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| show | Sodium influx
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| Nerve Impulse Transmission Key Concept/Term flow of movement from the outward to the inside of the cell | show 🗑
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| show | Depolarization
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| Nerve Impulse Transmission Key Concept/Term a process that restores the cell membrane to its resting potential and nerve fiber is now ready to transmit another impulse | show 🗑
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| show | Ion pumps/ion channels
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| Nerve Impulse Transmission Key Concept/Term synaptic vesicles, which contains neurotransmitter substances | show 🗑
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| Neurotransmitter substances | show 🗑
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| this neurotransmitter substance facilitates learning, memory and stimulates movement | show 🗑
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| this neurotransmitter substance involved in arousal and mood | show 🗑
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| this neurotransmitter substance involved in control of movement and sensations of pleasure | show 🗑
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| show | Serotonin
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| this neurotransmitter substance is involved in sleep and inhibits movement | show 🗑
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| show | Glutamate
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| show | Endorphins
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| What happens if there is lack of serotonin? | show 🗑
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| show | (1) brain
(2) spinal cord
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| show | Central Nervous System
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| The portion of the tube of the skull is _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | Brain
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| Relatively small structure weighing about 1,400 grams and about 2% of the total body weight | show 🗑
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| Three Portions or Divisions of the Brain | show 🗑
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| These are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord | show 🗑
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| Three Layers (Meninges) | show 🗑
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| show | Dura mater
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| It is the innermost menyx | show 🗑
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| show | Arachnoid
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| the part of the neural tube between cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord | show 🗑
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| show | Medulla, Pons, Midbrain, Interbrain
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| *Lies above the spinal cord *Lowest part of the brainstem *Concerned with regulation of breathing, heartbeat, blood circulation | show 🗑
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| *Lies above the medulla *Located in front of the cerebellum *Plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left body coordination and arousal | show 🗑
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| Two divisions of the Interbrain or the Limbic System (diencephalon) | show 🗑
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| *Part of the limbic system located in the center of the brain *This structure relay sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex *Involved in temperature regulation and emotional behavior | show 🗑
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| *Lies superior to the pons *It’s the smallest and least differentiated structure of the brainstem *Involved in the regulation of walking, posture, reflexes for head and eye movements | show 🗑
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| *Involved in eating, drinking, emotional and sexual behaviors *Plays a significant role in the regulation of stress responses *Deals with emergency situations *Regarded as the “pleasure center” as well as “stress center” | show 🗑
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| *Closely interconnected with the hypothalamus *It also exert additional control over some instinctive behavior already under the regulation of hypothalamus and brainstem | show 🗑
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| show | Hippocampus (“sea horse”)
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| *Concerned with the control of appetitive, sexual and aggressive behavior *Also concerned with and acts as a storehouse of emotional memories, (specially memory of fear) *A life without it is a life stripped of personal mearnings | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebellum
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| show | Cerebum
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| show | (1) Cerebral Cortex
(2) Medulla Oblongata
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| show | Medulla Oblongata
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| show | (1) Left Hemisphere
(2) Right Hemisphere
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| Skills or inclinations of a left hemisphere dominant | show 🗑
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| Skills or inclinations of a right hemisphere dominant | show 🗑
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| Are massive or large band of commissural fibers or nerve fibers, that joined together the opposite side of the brain and spinal cord | show 🗑
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| Four Lobes of the Brain | show 🗑
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| show | Frontal Lobe
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| show | Parietal lobe
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| This lobe of the brain is involved in visual sense or vision | show 🗑
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| show | Temporal lobe
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| controls primitive behaviors | show 🗑
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| show | Limbic system
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| location for higher mental processes | show 🗑
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| show | Broca’s Area
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| involve in the comprehension of language | show 🗑
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| Two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
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| show | Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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| When confronted by an emotion-provoking stimulus, an individual experiences an increase in heart rate, a dilation of the arteries of the skeletal muscles and heart, a constriction of the arteries of the skin and digestive organs and sweating | show 🗑
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| *Dominates during the periods of quiescence or calm *plays a role in digestion and in the maintenance of functions for the conservation and protection of bodily resources *Particularly involve in relax, constriction and inhibition movements | show 🗑
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| Hormones | show 🗑
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| show | (1) Integration of chemical energy from nerve impulse
(2) Regulation of growth of skeleton, the muscles, and mental growth
(3) Regulate the maturation of gonads and the development of secondary sexual characteristics
(4) Homeostasis
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| *Also known as the master gland *Secretes growth hormones | show 🗑
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| show | Giantism
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| show | Dwarfism
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| Secretes adrenalin or epinephrine which give extra energy needed during emergency and prolonged stress | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroid Gland
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| Oversecretion of thyroxin hormone leads to _________ | show 🗑
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| Undersecretion leads to _________. | show 🗑
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| Secretes insulin, which prevents the accumulation of the sugar in the blood | show 🗑
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| show | Testes
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| Secrete estrogen and progesterone | show 🗑
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| show | Estrogen
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| show | Progesterone
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| show | (1) Axon
(2) Dendrite
(3) Axon Terminals
(4) Synaptic Vesicles
(5) Synaptic knobs
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| show | Axon
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| it is described as cellulipetal, which means its conducts neural impulses to the cell body | show 🗑
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| The end of the axon branches out several “limbs” called ____________. | show 🗑
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| show | synaptic knobs or terminal buttons
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