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Cognition and Language

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show the processes wherby we acquire and use knowledge  
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show a flexible system of communication that uses sounds, rules, gestures, or symbols to convey information  
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signs   show
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show the basic sound units of a language that indicates changes in meaning  
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morphemes   show
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show the language rules that determine how sounds and words can be combined and used to communicate meaning within a language  
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show the rules for arranging words into grammatical phrases and sentences  
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semantics   show
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surface structure   show
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deep structure   show
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image   show
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show a mental category for classifying objects, people, or experiences  
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prototypes   show
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algorithm   show
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show rules of thumb that help in simplifying and solving problems, although they do not guarantee a correct solution  
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show a problem-solving strategy based on the successive elimination of incorrect solutions until the correct one is found  
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hill climbing   show
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show intermediate, more manageable goals used in one heuristic strategy to make it easier to reach the final goal  
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show a heuristic strategy that aims to reduce the discrepancy between the current situation and the desired goal at a number of intermediate points  
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working backward   show
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mental set   show
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show the tendency to perceive only a limited number of uses for an object, thus interfering with the process of problem solving  
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visualizing   show
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divergent thinking   show
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convergent thinking   show
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show a problem-solving strategy in which an individual or a group produces numerous ideas and evaluates them only after all ideas have been collected  
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compensatory model   show
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show a heuristic by which a new situation is judged on the basis of its resemblance to a stereotypical model  
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show a heuristic by which a judgment or decision is based on information that is most easily retrieved from memory  
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show the tendency to look for evidence in support of a belief and to ignore evidenfe that would disprove a belief  
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framing   show
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show the tendency to view outcomes as inevitable and predictable after we know the outcome  
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show thinking about alternative realities and things that never happened  
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show Whorf's idea that patterns of thinking are determined by the specific language one speaks  
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show expressive or nonliteral language such as metaphor and irony  
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telegraphic speech   show
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