Ansc Exam 2: Dairy
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Mammary Glands | show 🗑
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| show | - Provides nutrition for offspring
- Provides passive immunity to offspring
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| show | - Normally needed withing the first few hours
- has nutrients and antibodies (immunoglobins)
- Most produced before parturition and stops at soon/ after parturition
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| show | Has higher amounts of:
- Growth factors
- Immune factors
- Nutritional factors
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| Mammary Gland Structure: Alveoli | show 🗑
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| show | Large collection area in udder
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| Mammary Gland Structure: Teat Cistern | show 🗑
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| Mammary Gland Structure: Streak Canal | show 🗑
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| show | Release of oxytocin at onset of milking stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli
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| show | - Absorbs nutrients from bloodstream
- Make milk components (fat, lactose, protein)
- Transport milk into lumen of alveoli
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| show | Inflammation of the mammary gland
Cause- Microorganisms invade udder, multiply, and produce toxins
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| show | - No symptoms
- Increased SCC
- Bacteria
- Milk Loss
- Reduced quality
- Compositional Changes
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| Clinical | show 🗑
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| show | Most severe, could lead to death
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| Somatic Cell Count | show 🗑
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| show | - U.S = 750,000 cells/mL BTSCC (that's bad ya'll)
- Canada = 500,000 cells/mL
- EU = Limit: 400,000 cells/mL (export)
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| show | - Heifers may calf while having it
- most common
- Repro tracts and nasal passageways can be carriers
Common treatments:
- Sell cow
- Try Dry treatment (doesn't normally work)
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| Contagious Mastitis Pathogens: Control | show 🗑
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| show | Source: infected udders
- Spread: cow to cow (during milking)
- Chronic; subclinical
- Lack of control = high BTSCC
- Can be eradicated
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| Environmental Mastitis Pathogens: Coliforms | show 🗑
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| show | - Strepto. uberis
- Strepto. Dysgalactiae
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| show | - Enter. faecium
- Enter. faecalis
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| show | Source: Manure, bedding, where cows congregate
New Infections:
- between milking
- early and late dry periods
- hot, humid weather
Duration:
- 60-70% last <30 days
- Clinicals: 50-80%
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| show | - Hygiene
- Milking Management
- Dry Cow therapy
- clean, dry environment
- enhanced resistance: coliform vaccine- dry off, mid-dry, and calving
micronutrient nutrition- selenium, vit. e, copper, zinc
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| Milking Procedures | show 🗑
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| Pre-Dip | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Bedding (Straw, Sawdust, Compost Bedded Pack, Sand [ideal])
2. Manure Removal
3. Clean ,Dry environment (keep dry and out of mud)
4. Reduce exposure to pathogens
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| show | 1. Breeding, genetics management
- nutrition and feeding
- sanitation
- mastitis
2. Heat stress
3. Requirements of offspring
4. Age, Parity
5. # of offspring
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| Milk Secretion | show 🗑
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| Milk Secretion Hormone | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Digestive tract increases {hypertrophy} (especially liver)
2. Calcium and Phosphorous mobilized from bone
3. Adipose tissue=mobilized
4. Muscle protein reserved=mobilized
5. Increased gluconeogenesis (pathway by which glucose is formed)
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| BST (Bovine Somatotropin)/(Bovine Growth Hormone) | show 🗑
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| Raw Milk | show 🗑
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| Milk Fever (Parturition Paresis) | show 🗑
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| Ketosis | show 🗑
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| Ketosis Symptoms | show 🗑
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| Dairy Production | show 🗑
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| show | - Originated in holland
- Largest: 1,500-2,200lbs, 58'' tall
- Black and white
- Average production: 23,791lbs milk/lactation
9.7 gallons/day 3.7% fat
- 90% of daily producers milk Holsteins
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| Jersey | show 🗑
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| Brown Swiss | show 🗑
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| Guernsey | show 🗑
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| Ayrshire | show 🗑
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| Ideal Dairy Type | show 🗑
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| Economically important traits in dairy cattle | show 🗑
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| Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) | show 🗑
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| Pasteurizing and Homogenized | show 🗑
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| Milk Safety Timeline | show 🗑
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| Dairy Trends pt. 1 | show 🗑
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| Dairy Tends pt. 2 | show 🗑
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