Practical Practice - Endocrine System
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| Homeostatic imbalance: hypersecretion of GH in children | gigantism
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| Homeostatic imbalance: hypersecretion of GH in adults | acromegaly
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| Homeostatic imbalance: hyposecretion of insulin | diabetes m
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| Homeostatic imbalance: hyposecretion of adh | diabetes insipidus
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| What is the proper term for the type of regulation of electrolytes by the hypothalamus? | humoral
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| Which of the following hormones will function in the MAINTENANCE of the immune system? | Cortisol
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| What substance will be released by the hypothalamus to initiate the production of thyroid hormone? | TRH
(Hypothalamus > TRH > TSH > TH
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| What hormone will stimulate the sustentacular cells of the testes to stimulate spermatogenesis? | FSH
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| Identify one target of growth hormone: | bone, muscle, etc.
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| The ___ cells of the pancreas produce _____, which is the HYPERGLYCEMIC AGENT. | alpha cell/glucagon
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| What pituitary hormone will stimulate the release of aldosterone? | acth
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| GHIH source | hypothalamus
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| Cortisone source | zona fasiculata
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| PRL (Prolactin) source | anterior lobe pituitary
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| Glucagon source | alpha cells
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| Insulin source | beta cells
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| aldosterone source | zona glomerulosa
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| adh source | hypothalamus
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| lh source | anterior lobe pituitary
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| calcitonin source | thyroid
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| pth source | parathyroid
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| 2 releases of posterior pituitary | oxytocin and adh
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| which hormone is parafollicular? | calcatonin
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| acth is released in response to what? | crh
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| thyroid gland releases two primary hormones: | thyroid and calcitonin
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| increases metabolic rate and body heat production, maintaining blood pressure, tissue growth and development | th
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| release in response to increased calcium levels in blood | calcitonin
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| antagonist of pth | calcitonin
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| the 7 hormones of the anterior pituitary are known as | "tropic"
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| all hormone release starts at the... | hypothalamus
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| 2 gonadotropins released in response to GnRH | fsh/lh
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| Ovaries: fsh promotes ... | egg development
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| Testes: fsh promotes... | sperm production
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| Ovaries: lh promotes... | ovulation
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| Testes: fsh promotes ... | sex hormones, androgens, (testosterone!!)
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| Prl is inhibited by | pih from hypothalamus
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| stimulates mammary gland development and during pregnancy it stimulates milk development. | prolactin
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| gh is also known as | somatotropin
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| gh is mediated by which two hormones? | ghrh / ghih
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| gh indirect | liver
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| gh direct | not well understood
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| msh inhibitor | dopamine (pih)
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| supraoptic nuclei releases... | adh
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| paraventricular nuclei releases | oxytocin
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| anterior lobe of pituitary is regulated by... | "glandular"
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| posterior lobe of pituitary is regulated by... | "neural"
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| adipose cells release... | leptin
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| is located in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone | pituitary
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| secretes 9 peptide hormones | pituitary
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| hypothalamus connected to pituitary via | infundibulum
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| posterior lobe is connected to hypothalamus via ... | neurons (will only store neurons)
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| anterior lobe is connected to hypothalamus via... | capillary beds
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| a portal system begins and ends with... | veins
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| high concentrations of adh result in | vasoconstriction
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| has incomplete blood-brain barrier | hypothalamus
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| do both lobes use 2nd messenger systems? | yes
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| function of oxytocin | stimulate uterine contraction
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| clusters of neurons in hypothalamus | supraoptic nuclei
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| adh in brain acts as | neurotransmitter
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| function of thyroid | increases cellular metabolism
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| adenohypophysis - | anterior lobe
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| hyposecretion of gh | pituitary dwarfism
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| location of hypothalamus | diencephalon
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| hypothalamus is connected to | limbic system and pituitary gland
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| hypothalamus regulates 3 processes: | homeostasis, involuntary organs, hormones
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| 3 ways to penetrate incomplete blood-brain barrier | neurally, hormonally, humorally
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| of the 3 ways to penetrate incomplete blood-brain barrier, which method has a DIRECT control? | Neural
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| main visceral control center is a description for which area? | hypothalamus
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| colloid - protein rich or deficient? | rich
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| looks at body hormones | hormonal
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| looks at electrolytes, h20, etc | humoral
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| direct electrical connection to adrenal medulla | neural
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| has protein rich jelly in its follicles | thyroid
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| cells that secrete calcitonin | parafollicular
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| need to have .... in colloid to create t3/t4 | iodine
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| Hyposecretion of t3/t4 | hypothyroidism
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| long term hypothyroidism | myxodemia
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| congenital hypothyroidism | cretinism
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| toxic goiter, hypersecretion of t3/t4 | Grave's disease
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| increased levels of ca+ and phosphates, kidney stones | hyperparathyroidism
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| lipid based steroids | corticosteroids
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| why are corticosteroids important? | lipids can pass through cell membrane - not everything can go through incomplete blood-brain barrier
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| associated with "buffalo hump", "moon face" and increased glucocortocoid | cushing's disease
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| hyposecretion of both gluco and mineral corticoids; hypoglaucemia/hypotension, bronzing of skin... | addison's disease
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| prime source for progesterone and estrogen | corpus luteum
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| structure associated with lh | corpus luteum
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| paired atop each kidney | adrenal glands
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| produces corticosteroids (over 12 dozen) | adrenal cortex
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| layer of adrenal cortex associated with mineralcorticoids | zona glomerulosa
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| layer of adrenal cortex associated with glucocorticoids | zona fasciculata
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| later of adrenal cortex associated with gonadotropins | zona reticularis
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| function of insulin | lowers blood sugar
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| function of glucagon | raises blood sugar
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| 3p's of diabetes | polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia
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| blood ph decreases resulting in which diabetes complication | ketoacidosis
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| hyperinsulin = | hypoglaucemia
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| strictly neurally connected | adrenal medulla
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| catecholamines | epi-norepi
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| 2 hormones associated with pineal gland | synthesis of melatonin from seratonin
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| gland associated with sleep patterns | pineal
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| located partly behind the stomach in the abdomen, its a mixed gland of both endocrine and exocrine cells | pancreas
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| acinar cells | pancreatic juice
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| epo production takes place where | kidney
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| heart is associated with which hormone | anp
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| inhibits aldosterone | anp
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| t-cell maturation takes place where | thymus
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| skin produces cholcalciferol, an inactive form of which vitamin | d3
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| direct gene activators | steroidal hormones
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| why is it important that steroidal hormones are direct gene activators? | can go directly into cell, to nucleus, bind to receptor, trigger messenger rna to make whatever we want
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| which hormones are amino acid based? | peptide
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| which hormones are NOT direct gene activators? | monoamines
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| what do non direct gene activators need? | 2nd messenger system
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| hormones travel throughout the entire body; why then do they only activate certain cells? | target based receptors (microbio - markers)
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| 3 regulating factors of target cell specificity | blood levels of hormone (least), # of receptors, strength of bond between hormone and receptor
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