Biochemical Molecules and Processes - Vitamins, Coenzymes + Ions PT1 - 14/10/24
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| cofactor? | show 🗑
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| what is a non protein chemical compound or metallic ion bound to a protein and is required for protein's biological activity | show 🗑
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| what do coenzymes act as? | show 🗑
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| show | coenzymes
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| show | synthesised from common metabolites
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| vitamin derived coenzymes? | show 🗑
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| show | metabolite coenzyme
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| show | participates in various metabolic processes and facilitates biochemical reactions
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| show | store and transport chemical energy
donate phosphate groups via phosphorylation
couple exergonic and endergonic reactions
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| show | energy released to surroundings
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| show | essential for normal growth and development required in tiny amounts
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| show | cannot be synthesised in mammalian cells
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| show | coenzyme synthesis
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| how are most vitamins transformed to the coenzyme | show 🗑
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| deficit of vitamins? | show 🗑
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| vitamins have what in the metabolic reactions? | show 🗑
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| show | do not act as building substrates
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| vitamins have specific what? | show 🗑
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| show | vision growth repair of body tissues
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| vitamin D? | show 🗑
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| vitamin E? | show 🗑
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| vitamin K? | show 🗑
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| show | coenzyme for conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A
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| show | coenzymes helping to form FMNH2 and FADH2
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| show | coenzymes NAD and NADPH are involved with 100s of enzymes involved in metabolism of carbs
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| patothenic acid? | show 🗑
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| thiamine? | show 🗑
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| riboflavin | show 🗑
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| show | B3
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| show | B5
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| pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine? | show 🗑
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| show | B7
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| folic acid? | show 🗑
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| cyanocobalamin? | show 🗑
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| vit c? | show 🗑
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| vit A? | show 🗑
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| show | cholecalciferol
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| vit d2? | show 🗑
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| vit e? | show 🗑
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| show | phylloquinones
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| vit k2? | show 🗑
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| show | A, D2,D3, E, K1,K2
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| show | B1,B2,B3,B5,B6,B7,B9,B12
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| show | absorbed directly into bloodstream via AT or FD
primarily absorbed in intestine
readily excreted from body
not readily stored, consistent daily intake important
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| water soluble vitamins are absorbed directly where? | show 🗑
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| water soluble vitamins require regular intake why? | show 🗑
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| fat soluble vitamins are incorporated where? | show 🗑
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| show | intestinal cells
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| what happens to fat soluble vitamins transported into the intestinal cells using micelles | show 🗑
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| when the fat soluble vitamins are absorbed into intestinal cells they are packaged as what? | show 🗑
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| show | capillaries
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| show | lymphatic system
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| show | liver and adipose tissue
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| show | not readily excreted from body
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| show | excessive consumption
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| show | protein coated lipid found in absorptive cell of small intestine
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| show | bile coated lipid droplets in lumen of small intestine
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| show | disease caused by chronic long term vitamin deficieny
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| show | condition caused by complete deficiency in one or more vitamins
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| hypovitaminosis? | show 🗑
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| cofactor? | show 🗑
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| what is a non protein chemical compound or metallic ion bound to a protein and is required for protein's biological activity | show 🗑
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| show | group transfer reagents
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| group transfer reagent? | show 🗑
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| show | synthesised from common metabolites
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| show | derivatives of vitamins
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| ATP acts as what? | show 🗑
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| why does ATP act as a metabolite coenzyme? | show 🗑
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| show | store and transport chemical energy
donate phosphate groups via phosphorylation
couple exergonic and endergonic reactions
🗑
|
||||
| show | energy released to surroundings
🗑
|
||||
| show | essential for normal growth and development required in tiny amounts
🗑
|
||||
| show | cannot be synthesised in mammalian cells
🗑
|
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| show | coenzyme synthesis
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| show | enzymatically transformed
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| deficit of vitamins? | show 🗑
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| show | catalytic functions (cofactors)
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| vitamins have catalytic functions (cofactors) in metabolic reaction and do not what? | show 🗑
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| show | specific functions in metabolism
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| show | vision growth repair of body tissues
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| show | calcium and phosphorus metabolism and absoprtion
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| vitamin E? | show 🗑
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| show | blood clotting proteins, calcium metabolism
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| thiamin? | show 🗑
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| riboflavin? | show 🗑
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| show | coenzymes NAD and NADPH are involved with 100s of enzymes involved in metabolism of carbs
🗑
|
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| patothenic acid? | show 🗑
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| show | B1
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| riboflavin | show 🗑
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| niacin | show 🗑
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| show | B5
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| pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine? | show 🗑
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| biotin / vitamin H? | show 🗑
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| show | B9
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| show | B12
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| show | ascorbic acid
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| show | retinol retinal retinoic acid
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| vit d3? | show 🗑
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| vit d2? | show 🗑
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| show | alpha tocopherol
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| vit k1? | show 🗑
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| vit k2? | show 🗑
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| show | A, D2,D3, E, K1,K2
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| show | B1,B2,B3,B5,B6,B7,B9,B12
🗑
|
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| show | absorbed directly into bloodstream via AT or FD
primarily absorbed in intestine
readily excreted from body
not readily stored, consistent daily intake important
🗑
|
||||
| show | bloodstream
🗑
|
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| water soluble vitamins require regular intake why? | show 🗑
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| show | micelles using bile acids
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| show | intestinal cells
🗑
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| what happens to fat soluble vitamins transported into the intestinal cells using micelles | show 🗑
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| show | chylomicrons
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| chylomicrons are too large to enter what? | show 🗑
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| show | lymphatic system
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| show | liver and adipose tissue
🗑
|
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| show | not readily excreted from body
🗑
|
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| show | excessive consumption
🗑
|
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| show | protein coated lipid found in absorptive cell of small intestine
🗑
|
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| show | bile coated lipid droplets in lumen of small intestine
🗑
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| vitamin disease? | show 🗑
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| avitaminosis? | show 🗑
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| show | state of partial deficiency of one or more vitamins which could lead to various health issues
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| show | develops upon only prolonged use of excessive amount of vitamins
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| show | often result from excessive high dose animal liver consumption leading to nausea headache and potential liver damage
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| vitamin b6 toxicity? | show 🗑
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| show | any disease caused by chronic or long-term vitamin deficiency or caused by a defect in metabolic conversion
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