Pulmonology diseases, treatments, drugs
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| Upper respiratory infection (URI) | show 🗑
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| show | Bacterial colds, but not against viral colds.
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| How are colds spread? | show 🗑
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| Asthma | show 🗑
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| show | A prolonged, life-threatening asthma attack.
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| Bronchitis | show 🗑
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| Bronchiectasis | show 🗑
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| Reactive airway disease | show 🗑
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| Abnormal breath sounds | show 🗑
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| Lung sounds: Normal | show 🗑
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| show | Sounds like: Creaking or grating, due to inflammation of pleura
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| show | Sounds like: Irregular crackling or bubbling, due to fluid or infection in the alveoli
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| Lung sounds: Rhonchi | show 🗑
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| show | Sounds like: High-pitched crowing, due to edema or obstruction
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| Lung sounds: Wheezes | show 🗑
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| show | Serious lung condition caused by severe infection, burns, or lung injury; damaged alveoli fill with fluid and collapse.
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| show | Collapse of all or part of the lung.
atel/o- = incomplete
-ectasis = condition of dilation
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| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | show 🗑
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| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | show 🗑
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| Empyema | show 🗑
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| Influenza | show 🗑
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| Legionnaires' disease | show 🗑
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| Lung cancer | show 🗑
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| Occupational lung diseases | show 🗑
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| Pneumonia | show 🗑
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| show | Bacterial, Viral, Double, Aspiration, Bronchopneumonia, Lobar, Panlobar, Pneumococcal, Pneumocystis, jiroveci, Walking, pneumonia
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| Pulmonary edema | show 🗑
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| show | Traveling clot or fat globule that lodges in the lung, blocking blood flow and causing SOB; often occurs in patients on bedrest.
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| show | Severe, communicable viral illness that can be fatal; associated with close contact and enclosed spaces.
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| show | Communicable disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Causes nodules (tubercules) in the lungs.
Waxy coating makes bacterium resistant.
Treated with a 9-month course of drugs.
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| Hemothorax | show 🗑
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| Pleural effusion | show 🗑
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| Pleurisy | show 🗑
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| Pneumothorax | show 🗑
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| show | Absence of spontaneous respiration due to respiratory failure or arrest.
- In infants, it may be due to an immature CNS.
- In middle-aged adults, it may cause obstructive sleep apnea.
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| show | Abnormally slow rate of breathing due to brain damage or chemical imbalance in the blood.
brady- = slow
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| show | Protective mechanism to forcefully expel things from the lungs.
Expectoration is coughing up sputum.
Hemoptysis is coughing up sputum that contains blood.
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| Dyspnea | show 🗑
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| show | Difficulty breathing when lying supine; patient sleeps sitting up or semi-upright.
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| Tachypnea | show 🗑
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| Anoxia | show 🗑
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| show | Abnormally high level of carbon dioxide and an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.
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| show | Bluish-gray skin due to a low level of oxygen and a high level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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| Hypercapnia | show 🗑
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| show | Very low level of oxygen in arterial blood.
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| show | Blood test to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide in a sample of arterial blood.
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| show | Blood test to measure the amount of carbon monoxide in blood; usually done for patients exposed to fire or fumes.
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| Oximetry | show 🗑
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| show | Breathing test to measure the volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled or exhaled.
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| Sleep study | show 🗑
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| Sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S) | show 🗑
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| show | Tests that show whether a person has been exposed to tuberculosis.
Tine
Mantoux
Acid-fast bacillus
Xpert sputum
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| Chest radiography | show 🗑
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| CT scans; MRI scans | show 🗑
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| Lung scan | show 🗑
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| Auscultation and percussion (A&P) | show 🗑
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| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | show 🗑
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| show | Procedure in which the back is percussed or vibrated to help loosen mucus.
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| Endotracheal intubation | show 🗑
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| show | Procedure to encourage deep breathing in patients post surgery using a measuring device.
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| show | Procedure in which medication is aerosolized for deep inhalation.
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| show | Provision of additional oxygen to patients with lung disease; may use a nasal cannula, oxygen mask, or oxygen hood.
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| Antibiotics | show 🗑
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| show | Antibiotic drugs used only to treat tuberculosis; more than one must be administered for 9 months.
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| Antitussives | show 🗑
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| show | Treat influenza in at-risk patients; also used to treat pneumonia.
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| show | Relax smooth muscle around bronchi to dilate bronchi.
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| show | Block immune response that causes inflammation in the lungs.
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| Expectorants | show 🗑
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| show | Block the substance leukotriene, which causes inflammation and edema in patients with asthma.
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| show | Prevent release of histamine from mast cells to prevent bronchospasm in patients with asthma.
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| Smoking cessation drugs | show 🗑
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| show | Insertion of a lighted bronchoscope through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi; attachments may be added to the scope.
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| Chest tube insertion | show 🗑
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| Lung resection | show 🗑
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| Thoracentesis | show 🗑
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| Thoracotomy | show 🗑
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| show | Opening into the trachea and insertion of a plastic tube to provide temporary or permanent access to the lungs for patients needing respiratory support; often called a “trach.”
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