Orthopedics: Muscular Important terms
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| show | Striated, multinucleated, voluntary muscles that contract and relax in response to conscious thought (eyes, tongue, hands).
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| show | Heart muscle; striated, mononucleated, involuntary muscle that pumps blood through the circulatory system.
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| show | Nonstriated, involuntary, mononucleated, muscles that form continuous, thin layer around many organs and structures (blood vessels, intestines, etc).
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| Fascia | show 🗑
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| show | A white fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches a flat muscle to a bone or to deeper muscles.
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| Retinaculum | show 🗑
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| show | Origin of a muscle is the site where a tendon attaches to a stationary or near-stationary bone.
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| show | Insertion of a muscle is the site where a tendon attaches to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts.
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| show | Belly is the part of the muscle with the greatest mass.
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| Antagonism | show 🗑
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| Synergism | show 🗑
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| Flexion | show 🗑
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| Extension | show 🗑
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| Abduction | show 🗑
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| Adduction | show 🗑
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| Supination | show 🗑
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| Pronation | show 🗑
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| show | Turning a body part outward and to the side.
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| show | Turning a body part inward.
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| Rotation | show 🗑
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| show | One long cell with hundreds of nuclei along its length. Each fiber is composed of myofiibrils that contrain actin strands and thick myosin strands. Connected to a single nerve cell at a neuromuscular junction.
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| Muscle tone | show 🗑
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| show | Condition in which severe injury causes bleeding and the fascia acts as a compartment, holding in accumulated blood and placing pressure on surrounding tissues.
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| Contracture | show 🗑
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| Atrophy | show 🗑
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| show | Condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone.
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| Fibromyalgia | show 🗑
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| Hyperextension / hyperflexion injury | show 🗑
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| Muscle contusion | show 🗑
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| Muscle spasm | show 🗑
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| Muscle strain | show 🗑
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| show | Genetic mutation of the gene that normally makes the muscle protein dystrophin. Without dystrophin, muscles progressively weaken and atrophy. Most common form is Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
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| show | Pain in a muscle due to injury or muscle disease.
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| Polymyalgia | show 🗑
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| Myasthenia gravis | show 🗑
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| Myopathy | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammation of a muscle with localized swelling or tenderness; caused by injury, strain, or disease.
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| Repetitive strain injury (RSI) | show 🗑
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| show | A benign tumor of the muscle.
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| Rhabdomyosarcoma | show 🗑
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| Rotator cuff tear | show 🗑
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| show | Incoordination of the muscles during movement, particularly incoordination of the gait (when walking).
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| show | Abnormally slow muscle movements or decrease in the number of spontaneous movements; usually associated with Parkinson disease.
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| Dyskinesia | show 🗑
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| show | An abnormally increased amount of muscle movements.
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| Restless legs syndrome (RLS) | show 🗑
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| Tremor | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammation of the bursal sac due to repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa.
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| show | Progressive disease in which thickening and shortening of the fascia in the palm causes a contracture and flexion deformity of the finger.
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| show | Inflammation of muscles and tendons that originate on the bone protrusion on either side of the distal humerus.
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| Lateral epicondylitis | show 🗑
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| show | Golfer's/pitcher's elbow
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| show | Inflammation of the fascia around a muscle; frequently affects the bottom of the foot (plantar fasciitis).
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| show | Semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that grows on a tendon; appears as a rounded lump that may or may not be painful. Often occurs in the wrist, hand, or foot.
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| Shin splints | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammation of any tendon due to injury or overuse.
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| Tenosynovitis | show 🗑
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| show | Test that detects antibodies that the body produces against its own acetylcholine receptors; used to diagnose myasthenia gravis.
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| show | Test that measures the level of serum CPK-MM, an isoenzyme found in skeletal muscle. Used to screen for muscular dystrophy. High CPK-MM levels suggest the presence of disease.
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| show | Procedure in which patients are given the drug edrophonium to confirm a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. Drug temporarily increases acetylcholine levels.
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| show | Procedure in which a needle electrode is inserted into a muscle to record the electrical activity of the muscle as it contracts and relaxes; used to diagnose muscle or nerve disease.
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| show | Orthopedic device that supports and straightens a body part while still permitting movement; also called an orthosis.
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| Adaptive or assistive device | show 🗑
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| Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) | show 🗑
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