Horticulture test (plant science study guide)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| Define woody and herbaceous Plants. Explain how they are different. Can you visually identify the differences between them if shown a picture? | (Woody - any shrubs, trees, or certain vines which produce wood and have buds surviving above ground over winter.
(Herbaceous - have stems that are soft and not woody such as herbs, certain vines, and turf grasses that die back to the ground each year.
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| Describe differences between annuals, biennials, and perennials . | (annuals - plants that germinate, grow, flower, and produce seed in one growing season
(biennial - plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons
(perennial - plants that may be herbaceous or woody and live for more than two seasons
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| Define the difference between deciduous and evergreen plants. Can you visually identify the differences between them if shown a picture? | (Deciduous - leafless during a portion of a year
(Evergreen - keep their "leaves" all year round
identification - evergreen leaves =thick and waxy, deciduous leaves=thinner and broader. Deciduous change colors, while evergreen stay green all year
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| Identify and describe the three phases of plant development. | Vegetative -when a plant seed germinates and grows producing leaves, stems, and roots
reproductive- when a plant flowers and produces fruit.
dormancy -a phase of slow or inactive growth
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| Give an example of each phase of plant development. | Vegetative: a sunflower seed germinates and grows
Reproductive: the sunflower attracts pollinators and produces seed
Dormancy: plant dies off during cold conditions and seeds remain in soil
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| Discuss the differences between simple and compound leaves. How can you distinguish. | simple leaf: single leaf blade and a petiole
compound leaf: made of petiole and two or more leaf blades called leaflets
distinguish: simple leaf is just one, compound is more than one leaf on a stem.
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| explain the 3 venation patterns on leaves. | Parallel - major veins are parallel to midrib (Nearly equal in size)
Pinnate - midrib w/ smaller lateral veins branching from it
Palmate - three or more major veins that extend from the base of the leaf blade. smaller veins branch from these main veins.
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| Describe these parts on a stem: Apical Meristem, Node, Internode, Bud Scale, Lenticel. | a.m : primary growing point of the stem
node: point along a stem where leaves or other stems are attached
Internode: area between two nodes
Bud Scale: tiny leaf like structures that cover the bud before it opens and begins to grow
lenticel: tiny pores
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| What are the auxins? What do they do and where can they be found? What do they do to the lower lateral buds when we prune the terminal bud? | They are hormones. they influence the growth of the lateral buds below. they are produced in the apical meristem.
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| what functions (at least 2) do stems provide a plant? | -they support leaves, flowers, and fruit
- they transport water, minerals, and food.
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| Describe the differences between taproot and fibrous root systems. | taproot- primary root grows down from stem
fibrous- plants that branch into a number of small primary and secondary roots
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| what are the three ways leaves can be arranged on a stem, and describe them. | Alternate - leaves are alternating ( not opposite)
opposite - leaves are directly opposite to eachother
whorled - leaves are spiraling around the stem.
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| Dicot and Monocot: | two groups of flowering plants that are classified by the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in their seeds. Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two.
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| Chlorophyll: | green pigment found in plants that help them make their own food.
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| transpiration: | the process by which water is absorbed by the roots , transported through the plants vascular system, and released as water vapor into the atmosphere, primarily through tiny pores called stomata on the leaves. "plants sweating"
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| cross pollination | pollination of a flower or plant with pollen from another flower or plant
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| Pollination | the transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow fertilization
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| hybrid | offspring of a cross between two different species or varieties
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| perfect flower | has both male and female parts
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| imperfect flower | has only one sex
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| hardiness | ability to survive adverse growing conditions
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| hardy plant | plant that can tolerate a variety of extreme temperatures
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| tender plant | plants that cannot survive harsh conditions
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| botanist | biologist specializing in study of plants
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| botanical nomenclature | formal scientific naming of plants
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| cultivar | plant variety that was produced in cultivation by selective breeding
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| primary root | the root of a plant that develops first
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| secondary root | a side branch of the main root, a root or a fine rootlet that derives from the primary root
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| root cap | outer cover of the tip of the root that protects it
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| root hairs | thin hair like structures in the tip of the root for absorption of water and minerals from soil
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| adventitious roots | originate from the branches, stems and leaves
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| germination | the development of a plant from a seed or spore after a period of dormancy
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| axillary bud | bud that grows from the axil of a leaf and may develop into a branch or flower cluster
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| xylem | transports water throughout a plants body
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| phloem | transports and distributes organic nutrients
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| photosynthesis | plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen
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| Indentify 4 names of specialized stems and an example of each. | - bulbs; tulips/onions
- corms; idk
- rhizomes; ferns/asparagus
- stem tubers; Irish potato
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| STUDY ALL IMAGES AND LABELED IMAGES IN STUDY GUIDE! | STEMS PARTS, FLOWER PARTS, LEAF PARTS, ECT.
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