Machen Biblical Greek Lesson 02-06 Grammar
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| show | Not only does the accent enable us to pronounce words correctly, it also often helps identifying forms.
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| show | In archaic Greek different accents implied different musical pitches but by our target time period we expect a stress accent.
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| What is the last syllable of the word? | show 🗑
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| show | The second last syllable of a Greek word is the penult.
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| What is the third last syllable of the word? | show 🗑
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| show | Syllables containing a long vowel or a diphthong are long.
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| show | A final syllable containing αι or οι is considered short for purposes of accent.
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| Where may an acute accent be? | show 🗑
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| Where may a circumflex accent be? | show 🗑
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| show | The grave accent can stand only on the last syllable.
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| When is it impossible to put an accent on an antepenult? | show 🗑
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| If the ultima is long what kind of accent can be on the penult? | show 🗑
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| show | If the ultima is short the penult, if it is accented, must have a circumflex.
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| show | An acute accent on the last syllable of a word, regardless of the length of its vowel, is changed to the grave when followed, without intervening mark of punctuation, by other words in a sentence.
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| show | Greek verbs have tense, voice and mood. Some moods have person and number.
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| What does the present tense in the indicative mood refer to? | show 🗑
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| show | The active voice represents the subject as acting instead of being acted upon.
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| show | The indicative mood makes an assertion.
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| show | It is not necessary to use personal pronouns to indicate person and number in Greek, though Greek does have them and may use them.
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| show | The stem of a word is that part which remains constant and to which endings may be added.
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| How is the present stem of a verb located? | show 🗑
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| What is a progressive tense? | show 🗑
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| show | The present tense is part of the progressive tense system but it can also serve as a simple present.
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| What is parsing? | show 🗑
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| show | If a student is able to parse a verb instantly and on sight the student will reliably recognize all the important characteristics of the verb. Parsing is never an end in itself.
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| show | Verbs have a recessive accent. The accent will be as far from the end of the word as the accent rules permit.
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| show | A declension is a group of nouns or adjectives which have similar forms.
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| show | Greek does not have an indefinite article but it does have a definite article. In Greek sometimes the article is used where it would not be appropriate in English.
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| show | Greek nouns have gender, number and case.
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| show | Greek nouns may be masculine, feminine or neuter. In most cases gender is merely a grammatical classification.
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| show | Recognize the gender of a Greek noun from the definite article. The nominative singular ending is not always reliable.
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| show | The masculine nominative singular definite article is ὁ.
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| What is the feminine definite article? | show 🗑
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| What is the neuter definite article? | show 🗑
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| What are the numbers of Greek nouns? | show 🗑
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| show | The subject and verb agree in number.
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| show | Greek has four cases: nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. There is a fifth case, the vocative, used occasionally and readily recognized.
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| How is the stem of a Greek noun identified? | show 🗑
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| What is the nominative case used for? | show 🗑
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| What is the accusative case used for? | show 🗑
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| show | The genitive case expresses relationships such as possession, source, and separation. We often find the word "of" useful in rendering the genitive case.
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| What is the dative case used for? | show 🗑
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| What is special about the declension of neuter nouns? | show 🗑
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| show | The normal order of the sentence in Koine Greek is like that in English.
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| show | Greek word order is much more flexible than English word order. We must identify the use of words in the sentence by their endings, not their order.
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| show | The movable ν is added normally at the end of a sentence or where the following word begins with a vowel or a τ. It is used for greater euphony.
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| Is the noun accent recessive? | show 🗑
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| What accent appears in the genitive and dative of 2nd declension nouns accented on the ultima? | show 🗑
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| Does the α or η in the nominative singular generally indicate the feminine? | show 🗑
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| show | Some first declension feminine nouns have an α in the singular endings. Some have an η. Some have α in the nominative and accusative and an η in the genitive and dative.
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| How do the plural endings differ in the different groups of first declension nouns? | show 🗑
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| How is the stem of a first declension noun found? | show 🗑
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| show | First declension feminine nouns with an ε, ι, or ρ before the α will keep the α throughout the singular.
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| show | Nouns of the first declension have a genitive plural with a circumflex on the ultima.
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| show | A proclitic is a word that goes so closely with the following word as to have no accent of its own.
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| Which forms of the definite article are proclitic? | show 🗑
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| How does an adjective agree with its noun? | show 🗑
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| What are the two positions of adjectives? | show 🗑
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| What is an example of an attributive adjective? | show 🗑
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| show | In the sentence "the word is good" the adjective is predicate.
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| show | An attributive adjective has an article immediately in front of it.
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| How is a predicate adjective identified in Greek? | show 🗑
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| What is a substantive adjective? | show 🗑
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| show | Third declension adjectives follow the normal accent rules in the genitive feminine plural. There is not always a circumflex on the ultima, as in the first declension.
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