Anatomy Vocab Ch 7 Marieb
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| show | master controlling and communicating system of the body; considered by structure and functional classifications
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| show | monitor changes occuring inside and outside the body
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| show | actions that cause sensory receptors in the body to respond
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| show | information gathered by the sensory receptors; processes and interprets to decide what should be the correct response
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| show | the process of intrepreting sensory input and deciding what the response should be
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| motor output | show 🗑
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| show | consists of brain and spinal cord, occupying the dorsal body cavity, integrating and command centers of the nervous system
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| show | the nervous system outside the central nervous system, nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord
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| spinal nerves | show 🗑
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| cranial nerves | show 🗑
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| show | nerves that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors
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| somatic sensory fibers | show 🗑
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| show | sensory fibers transmitting impulses from visceral organs; afferent division
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| efferent (motor) | show 🗑
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| central nervous system (CNS) | show 🗑
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| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | show 🗑
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| show | carry impulses to and from the spinal cord
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| cranial nerves | show 🗑
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| afferent (sensory) | show 🗑
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| show | deliver impulses from the skin, skelatal muscles and joints; afferent division
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| visceral sensory fibers | show 🗑
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| show | carry impulses away from the central nervous system to effect organs, muscles and glands
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| show | allows conscious or voluntary control of skeletal muscles; AKA voluntary nervous system
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| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | show 🗑
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| show | have opposite effects; actions of the autonomic nervous system
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| nervous tissue | show 🗑
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| neuroglia | show 🗑
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| glial cells (glia) | show 🗑
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| astrocytes | show 🗑
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| show | spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris, dead brain cells, bacteria
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| ependymal | show 🗑
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| oligodendrocytes | show 🗑
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| show | Schwann and Satellite cells
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| show | form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers
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| show | protective cushioning cells
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| show | transmit message (impulses) from one part of the body to another; all have cell body and extensions from outer membrane of the cell; are excited by neurotransmitters released by other neurons
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| cell body | show 🗑
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| Nissl substance | show 🗑
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| show | intermediate filaments that maintain cell body shape
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| neuron (parts of) | show 🗑
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| show | armlike fibers microscopic to 3 feet long; convey messages; dendrites and axons
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| dendrite | show 🗑
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| show | process that conveys outgoing messages away from the cell body
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| show | the process that arises from the axon for relaying messages
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| axon terminal | show 🗑
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| neurotransmitter | show 🗑
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| synaptic cleft | show 🗑
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| show | the junction of neurons
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| myelin sheath | show 🗑
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| neurilemma | show 🗑
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| nodes of Ranvier | show 🗑
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| nuclei | show 🗑
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| show | small collections of cell bodies, in a few sites outside the CNS in the PNS
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| show | bundles of nerve fibers or neuron processes of the CNS
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| show | consists of dense collections of myelinated fibers of the CNS
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| show | contains mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies in the CNS
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| show | activated by specific changes occurring nearby
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| show | receptors of the skin; ie. pain receptors
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| show | sensory receptors of the muscles and tendons; detect the amount of stretch or tension in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints; advise our brains of our own movements
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| show | connect the motor and sensory neurons in neural pathways, always found in CNS
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| show | neuron having several processes extending from the cell body; most common structural type of neuron
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| bipolar neuron | show 🗑
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| unipolar neuron | show 🗑
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| show | irritability and conductivity
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| polarized | show 🗑
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| show | positive ions inside cell are potassium (K+), ions on outside of cell sodium (Na+)
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| show | when neuron is stimulated the sodium channels in cell membrane open allowing diffusion into the neuron changing polarization
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| show | the changing of polarity of the neuron's membrane
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| show | the rate of potential change when positive and less positive balance
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| repolarization | show 🗑
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| electrochemical event | show 🗑
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| show | raid, predictable and involuntary responses to stimuli; always go in the same direction
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| show | neural pathway involving both CNS and PNS structures
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| somatic reflex | show 🗑
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| show | regulate the activity of digestion, elimination, blood pressure and sweating
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| show | the synapse between the sensory and motor neurons, found in the CNS
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| knee-jerk response | show 🗑
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| show | three-neuron reflex arc; five elements: receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron and effector
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| nervous system disorder | show 🗑
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| show | central nervous system embryonic form of spinal cord and brain
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| show | chambers of the brain
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| show | largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body, weighs just over three pounds
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| show | cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
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| show | the paired cerebral hemispheres, superior part of the brain, the largest of the brain regions
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| show | elevated ridges of tissue covering the cerebral hemispheres
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| sulci | show 🗑
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| show | deep grooves separating regions of the brain
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| longitudinal fissure | show 🗑
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| show | cortex, white matter, basal nuclei
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| show | control speech, memory, logical and emotional response, consciousness, interpretation of sensation, voluntary movement
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| show | in the cerebral cortex, in the parietal lobe; impulses from body's sensory receptors localized and interpreted here; recognize pain, cold, light touch
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| sensory homunculus | show 🗑
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| occipital lobe | show 🗑
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| show | auditory area of the cerebral cortex
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| primary motor area | show 🗑
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| show | motor tract descending to the spinal cord
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| show | the body map of the motor cortex
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| show | specialized cortical area involved in ability to speak
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| speech area | show 🗑
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| frontal lobe | show 🗑
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| cerebral gray matter | show 🗑
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| cerebral white matter | show 🗑
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| corpus callosum | show 🗑
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| show | connect areas within a hemisphere
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| projection fiber tracts | show 🗑
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| basal nuclei (basal ganglia) | show 🗑
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| diencephalon (interbrain) | show 🗑
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| show | encloses shallow third ventricle of brain, relay station for sensory impulses passing to the sensory cortex
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| show | under the thalamus, makes up floor of the diencephalon; plays a role in regulation of body temperature, water balance and metabolism; center of drives and emotions
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| show | hypothalamus, the emotional-visceral brain, controls thirst, appetite, sex drive, pain, pleasure centers
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| show | hangs from the anterior floor of the hypothalamus; produces hormones
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| mammillary bodies | show 🗑
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| show | forms the roof of third ventricle; contain pineal body and choroid plexus; forms cerebrospinal fluid
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| brain stem | show 🗑
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| midbrain | show 🗑
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| show | tiny canal that travels through midbrain and connects third ventricle of diencephalon the fourth venticle
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| cerebral peduncles | show 🗑
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| show | four rounded protrusions, bulging neuclei; reflex centers involved with vision and hearing
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| show | rounded structure protruding just below midbrain; means bridge; mostly fiber tracts; involved in the control of breathing
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| show | most inferior part of brain stem, merges into spinal cord; contains nuclei that regulate vital visceral activities; control center for heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting
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| retucular formation | show 🗑
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| reticular activating system (RAS) | show 🗑
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| show | cauliflower-like, has two hemispheres, provides precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls balance and equilibrium; continuously compares brains intentions with body performance
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| show | connective tissue membrane covering and protecting the brain; the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater
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| show | outermost layer of the meninges, leathery, has different layers
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| periosteal layer | show 🗑
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| show | of the dura mater, forms the outermost covering of the brain and continues as the dura mater of the spinal cord
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| dural venous sinuses | show 🗑
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| show | one of the folds that attach the brain to the cranial cavity
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| tentorium cerebelli | show 🗑
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| show | middle weblike meningeal layer
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| show | the space between the arachnoid and pia mater; is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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| show | delicate, clings tightly to surface of the brain and spinal cord, follows every fold
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| show | protrude through the dura mater, absorbs venous blood in the dural sinuses
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| show | inflammation of the meninges, serious threat to the brain
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| show | brain inflammation, spreading into the nervous tissue of the central nervous system
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| cerebrospinal fluid | show 🗑
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| show | water on the brain; causes the head to enlarge as the brain increases in size
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| show | the least permeable capillaries in the body; almost seamlessly bound together by tight junctions of water-soluble substances so that only water based stubstances can pass thru; super tight protection of the brain
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| show | when brain injury is slight, no permanent brain damage
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| show | the result of tissue destruction
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| show | bleeding from ruptured vessels
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| cerebral edema | show 🗑
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| show | stroke
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| Alzheimer's disease | show 🗑
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| Parkinson's disease | show 🗑
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| hemiplegia | show 🗑
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| aphasia | show 🗑
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| show | restriction of blood flow, temporary, symptoms as numbness, temproary paralysis, impaired speech; "red flag" of impending stroke (CVA)
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| spinal cord | show 🗑
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| cauda equina | show 🗑
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| gray matter of the spinal cord | show 🗑
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| show | where the sensory neuron is under the spinal cord
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| dorsal root ganglion | show 🗑
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| ventral root | show 🗑
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| show | where the dorsal and ventral roots fuse
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| show | nerve impulses do not reach the muscles affected, no vountary movement is possible
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| spastic paralysis | show 🗑
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| white matter of the spinal cord | show 🗑
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| endoneurium | show 🗑
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| show | course connective tissue wrapping, surrounding the neuron fiber
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| show | nerve fiber bundles
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| show | nerves carrying both sensory and motor nerve fibers
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| show | serve primarily the head and neck, numbered in their order
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| dorsal and ventral rami | show 🗑
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| show | complex network of nerves
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| show | the axon before the ganglion
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| postganglionic axon | show 🗑
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| sympathetic division | show 🗑
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| show | allows us to unwind and conserve energy
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| pelvic splanchnic nerves | show 🗑
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| show | fight-or-flight system; activity is evident when we are excited or find ourselves in threatening situations
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| parasympathetic division | show 🗑
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| show | neuromuscular disability in which the voluntary muscles are poorly controlled and spastic due to brain damage
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| show | failure of the cerebrum to develop, resulting in child who cannot hear, see or process sensory input
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| spina bifida | show 🗑
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| show | the body's inability to react quickly to counteract the pull of gravity, low blood pressure resulting from changes in postion (lightheadedness)
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| arteriosclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty in concentration or thinking clearly
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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