Anatomy of Pectoral and Thoracic
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| The nipple is surrounded by a circular pigmented area of skin termed: | show 🗑
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| show | to support the brest
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| show | Due to tension on the suspensory ligaments of the brest
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| show | anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the second to sixth intercostal nerves. Nipple is innervated by the 4th.
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| show | lactiferous ducts, lobules of the brest, acini.
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| show | Subcutaneous lymphatic obstruction and tumor growth pull of ligaments in brest
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| show | Further subcutaneous spread.
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| show | polythelia: additional nipple, polymastia = additional breast
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| Describe the sites for rib articulation | show 🗑
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| show | articulate directly with sternum
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| Why are ribs 8-10 false ribs? | show 🗑
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| show | they make no connection with other rib or sternum.
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| What lies in the costal groove? | show 🗑
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| show | vein is most superior structure (highest in groove), then artery, then nerve. Between internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles.
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| Describe the superior thoracic aperature. | show 🗑
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| show | enclosed by diaphragm and bounded by 12th vertebra, 11th and 12th pair of ribs, Costal Cartilages of ribs 7th and 10th and xiphisternal joint
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| What innervates the diaphragm? | show 🗑
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| show | between the thoracic and abdominal cavity
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| What supplied the diaphragm with blood? | show 🗑
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| show | peripheral-muscular part, central - aponeurotic-central tendon
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| show | Septum Transversum, pleuroperitoneal membrane, dorsal mesentery of the esopphagus and the lateral body walls
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| Where does the central tendon of diaphragm originate? | show 🗑
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| Where does the musculature of diaphragm originate? | show 🗑
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| Where does the posterlateral part of diaphragm orginate? | show 🗑
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| Where does the crura of diaphragm originate? | show 🗑
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| show | sidewall mesenchyme
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| Why do C3, 4 and 5 supply the diaphragm? | show 🗑
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| What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia? | show 🗑
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| show | hiatus located between sternal & costal parts of the diaphragm. Herniation of intestine into percardial sac
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| show | Esophageal hiatus may be abnormally large.
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| What is eventration of diaphragm? | show 🗑
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| show | .:Pain in 4th and 5th finger due to pressure on lower brachial plexus (C8,T1) due to cervical rib. Also ischemic muscle pain in the upper limb (increasing pulse when limb raised)
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| What innervates the external intercostal muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | inspiration
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| show | intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
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| What is the internal intercostal muscle function? | show 🗑
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| show | intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
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| show | act with internal intercostal muscle
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| What is the function of the subcostales? | show 🗑
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| show | Depress costal cartilages
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| What is increased during "pump handle" respiration? | show 🗑
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| show | 'increases lateral dimension
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| show | subclavian-costocervical trunk-supreme IA-posterior intercostal
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| show | thoracic aorta - posterior intercostal
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| Describe the path of the internal thoracic artery. | show 🗑
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| Describe the path of viens that drain into the superior intercostal viens. | show 🗑
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| Describe the division of the ventral rami intercoWastal nerves. | show 🗑
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| show | somatic motor to muscles, somatic sensory to skin and parietal pleura, postganglionic sympathetic.
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| show | dorsal rami: posterior cutaneous branch
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| When performing nerve block to intercostal veins where should the anesthetic be applied? | show 🗑
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| show | skin, superficial fascia,external inercostal muscle, internal intercostal muscle, (VAN under rib), innermost intercostal, endothoracic fascia, parietal pleura, pleural cavity, viceral pleura, lung
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| What are the contents of the Thoracic cavity? | show 🗑
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| Describe the pleura | show 🗑
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| What are the two layers of the pleura? | show 🗑
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| What are the names given to the parietal pleura and what innervates them? | show 🗑
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| show | where two adjacent parietal pleura are in contact during expiration (filled with lungs during inspiration)
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| What are the two pleural recesses called? | show 🗑
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| What can cause a pneumothorax? | show 🗑
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| show | Accumulation of inflammatory exudate within the pleura cavity
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| Where must a thoracocentesis be performed? | show 🗑
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| What does the cranial bend of the intraembryonic coelom give rise to? | show 🗑
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| show | pleural and peritoneal cavities
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| show | parietal layer of serous pericardium, pleura and peritoneum
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| What does the splanchnopleuric part of the intraembryonic coelom give rise to? | show 🗑
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| show | fusion of the pleuropericardial membranes folds
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| show | fusion of the pleuro-peritoneal folds with the septum transversum and dorsal mesentary of esophagus
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| show | pleural cavity-intraembryonic coelom, parietal pleura-somatic layer, visceral pleura-splanchnic layer
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| show | upper, middle, and lower
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| How many fissures does the left lung have? | show 🗑
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| Describe the brochi branches. | show 🗑
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| show | right:BAV, left:ABV
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| show | Short tubular collection of structures that attach the lung to structures in teh mediastinum
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| What is the hilum? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the pulmonary ligament? | show 🗑
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| show | 1 pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, a main bronchus, bronchial vessels, nerves and lymphatics
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| show | upper and lower separate by oblique fissure, upper and middle separated by horizontal fissure.
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| What forms the oblique and horizontal fissures? | show 🗑
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| show | left bronchial arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, the right brochial arteries arise from the third posterior intercostal artery or the upper left brochial artery
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| show | pulmonary veins or lef atrium OR azygos vein (right), hemiazygoes or superior intercostal vein (left)
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| show | intrapulmonary vessels and nodes - bronchopulmonary - tracheobronchial - paratrachial - bronchomediastinal - right thoracic trunk/thoracic - systemic venous system
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