Review Questions for Exam 2 Intro to Pathology, Spicer, Bastyr
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| show | - Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Thrombocytes (Platelets)
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| DEFINE LEUKOCYTES: | show 🗑
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| Define PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL: | show 🗑
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| show | Myeloid stem cell Lymphoid stem cell
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| show | RBC
Platelet
Monocyte
Granulocyte
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| show | NK cell
B lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
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| What are the types of Granulocytes? | show 🗑
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| Monocytes become what type of cell in tissue? | show 🗑
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| B Lymphocytes become what type of cell in tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | ferrying oxygen & carbon dioxide between lungs and tissues
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| show | clotting; inflammation
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| show | transforms into macrophages: fixed –vs- wandering, to perform phagocytosis.
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| show | phagocytosis of bacteria
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| show | combats effects of histamine during allergic reactions; attacks parasites
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| Functions of Basophil: | show 🗑
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| show | Functions of Natural Killer Cell: attacks infectious microbes and tumor cells; primary defense. p146
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| Functions of B Cell: | show 🗑
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| Functions of T Cell: | show 🗑
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| show | Any molecule capable of stimulating an immune reaction (most are proteins); don’t have to be “foreign”.
Ex: measles virus
Ex: transplanted tissue
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| Define: HAPTENS: | show 🗑
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| Define: CYTOKINES: | show 🗑
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| Define: ANTIBODIES (Abs): | show 🗑
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| show | these attack cells have been stimulated by Ag.
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| Define: AUTOIMMUNE: | show 🗑
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| Define: MACROPHAGES: | show 🗑
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| What are some various Types of immunity: | show 🗑
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| What are the 2 distinct but inter-related components of Immunity? | show 🗑
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| Define HUMORAL IMMUNITY: | show 🗑
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| show | T cells directly lyse targets (cytotoxic T cells) or induce antimicrobial responses from other cells via cytokine production (helper T cells). T cells cannot “see” antigen unless it has been processed & presented by other cells.
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| show | NK cells act as a first line of defense against invaders, needing no activation.
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| Where are B Cells educated? | show 🗑
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| show | B cells make up ~10-20% of circulating peripheral lymphocytes, and can be found in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, GI tract, bronchial tract.
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| What do stimulated B Cells become? | show 🗑
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| What are the classes of immunoglobulins? | show 🗑
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| What are the most prevalent antibodies? | show 🗑
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| Describe IgM: | show 🗑
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| show | long term protein
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| Describe IgA: | show 🗑
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| Describe IgE: | show 🗑
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| Describe IgD: | show 🗑
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| Describe Memory B cells: | show 🗑
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| show | “T” indicates the organ these cells mature in: thymus.
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| functions of T Cells: | show 🗑
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| show | T cells are ~ 80% of the lymphocytes in circulating blood; are the majority of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes.
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| show | Each T cell has a unique T Cell Receptor (TCR), a protein arrangement on its plasma membrane that will recognize one particular processed peptide fragment (antigen).
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| How do T cells identify pathogens? | show 🗑
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| What are basic functions of T Cells? | show 🗑
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| show | helper, suppressor, memory, and cytotoxic – name indicates their jobs.
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| show | T cells perform “delayed” immunity, a day or so, compared with B cells which are immediate.
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| Describe Macrophages: | show 🗑
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| Describe Natural Killer (NK) Cells: | show 🗑
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| Do NK cells destroy "self" cells? | show 🗑
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| show | NK cells secrete cytokines; gamma-interferon (interferes with viral replication) is especially noteworthy.
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