The anatomy of the Anterior and Medial thigh
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| show | External iliac artery-->femoral artery-->popliteal artery-->anterior tibial artery (dorsalis pedis artery) and posterior tibial artery (medial and lateral plantar arteries, fibular artery)
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| Where do the veins begin? | show 🗑
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| show | Passes ANTERIOR to MEDIAL malleolus-->up medial side of leg (receives branches of small saphenous vein)-->continues up medial side of thigh-->enters saphenous opening of fascia lata-->emites into femoral vein
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| show | One way valves maintain upward flow-->communicates by perforating veins with deep veins; incompentent valves cause VARICOSE VEINS
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| show | Ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus; winds up and posterior to the calf; drains into popliteal vein behind knee; communicates with deep veins via perforating veins
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| Where are the superficial inguinal nodes? | show 🗑
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| show | anterior and posterior surfaces of the trunk below the umbilicus; perineum including half of the anal canal, vagina, all of the external genitlia (except testes); superifical lymph vessels of lower limb
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| Where do the deep inguinal nodes lie? | show 🗑
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| show | Lymph from superficial nodes and from deep structures of the lower limb; efferent vessels fromt hese nodes ascend through FEMORAL CANAL and drain into EXTERNAL ILIAC NODES
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| show | Thickening of the fascia lata on the lateral aspect; runs from the iliac tubercle to the lateral condyle of the tibia
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| show | Gap in the deep fascia in the anterior thigh just below the inguinal ligament; transmits the great saphenous vein and lymph vessels
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| show | Sartorius, iliacus, psoas major, quadriceps femoris, pectineus
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| What is the main nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh? What is the main blood supply? | show 🗑
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| * * Nerve and action of the sartorius muscle | show 🗑
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| show | EXTENSOR of the leg; femoral nerve; rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint; all of the quadriceps are important supports for the knee joint
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| show | rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
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| show | Expansions of the vastus medialis and the vastus lateralis portions of the quadriceps tendon; attach to the sides of the patella and patellar ligamen to the femoral and tibial condyles; strengthen capsule of knee joint
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| show | Psoas: L2-L4, Iliacus: Femoral nerve; CHIEF FLEXOR OF THE HIP
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| * * What is the nerve and action pectineus | show 🗑
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| show | Gracilus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and obturator externus
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| What is the blood supply of the medial compartment of the thigh? | show 🗑
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| show | Obturator; ADDUCTS the thigh at the hip joint, flexes the leg at the knee joint
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| * * What is the nerve and action of the adductor longus | show 🗑
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| * * What is the nerve and action of the adductor longus? | show 🗑
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| show | Obturator nerve; laterally rotates the thigh
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| * * What are the superior, lateral, and medial borders of the femoral triangle? Floor? | show 🗑
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| * * What are the contents of the femoral canal (LATERAL TO MEDIAL)? | show 🗑
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| show | Downward potrusion of the extraperitoneal fascia enveloping the iliac vessels in the abdomen
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| show | Divided into three compartments by septa: femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal (NOTE THAT THE FEMORAL NERVE IS NOT INSIDE)
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| * * * Where is the femoral canal? | show 🗑
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| show | Upper opening of the canal into the abdomen; closed by extraperitoneal connective tissue
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| * * What are the contents of the canal? | show 🗑
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| show | Potrusion of abdominal contents through femoral canal; more common in females (wider canal structure)
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| show | BELOW AND LATERAL to pubic tubercle; ABOVE and MEDIAL. Femoral hernia pass out femoral canal below the inguinal ligament onto the thigh
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| show | Compression of the blood supply of the viscus
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| show | narrow fascial tunnel approximately 15 cm long, DEEP to sartorius muscle; begins at apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus
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| * * What are the borders of the adductor canal? Lateral, postermedial, anterior | show 🗑
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| show | Popliteal fossa
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| Where do the femoral vessels change name to the popliteal vessels? | show 🗑
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| * * What spinal nerves supply the femoral nerve? where does it enter thigh? What does it break up into + where? | show 🗑
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| show | The saphenous nerve
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| show | L2, L3, L4; branches into anterior and posterior in obturator canal; both branches emerge into thigh behind the pectineus muscle in front of OR through obturator externus
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| show | Enters the thigh by passing behind inguinal ligament as direct continuation of the external iliac artery; lies midway between anterior superior iliac spine and the symphisis pubis
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| * Where is the profunda femoris? | show 🗑
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| show | Lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, four perforating arteries; pierce tendons of the adductor muscles to enter posterior compartment of thigh
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| show | Fourth perforating artery of the profunda femoris; it is a direct continuation of the profunda femoris
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| show | Obturator
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