Anat and phys Marieb chap 23 review - Digestive
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| Mrs. Wong emergency room with the symptoms: severe pain in the umbilical region, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. While she was waiting to see a doctor, the pain moved to the lower right abdominal quadrant. What is the diagnosis and treatment? | show 🗑
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| show | digestion
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| show | synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins
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| The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | catabolism
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| The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. | show 🗑
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| show | lamina propria
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| The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodules, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the ________. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | stomach
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| show | enteroendocrine
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| show | protein and peptide fragments
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| ________ is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion. | show 🗑
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| show | secretin
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| show | True
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| A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver. He is thin and malnourished, but his abdomen is very large, and his lower extremities are very swollen. Why did these physical changes occur? | show 🗑
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| Which organ has a main function to filter and process the nutrient rich blood delivered to it | show 🗑
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| show | small and large intestines
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| show | B complex and K vitamins
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| show | stomach
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| Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? | show 🗑
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| Hepatocytes do not ________. | show 🗑
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| Pancreatic amylase does not get to the small intestine via the ________. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins? | show 🗑
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| show | amylase
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| show | proctologist
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| ______ and ______ are absorbed mostly by the duodenum. | show 🗑
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| Saliva contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins T/F | show 🗑
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| show | cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction
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| After a meal high in fat ______ would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the _____ | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria
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| show | Gallbladder
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| Which digestive process normally occurs only in the mouth? | show 🗑
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| show | parietal peritoneum
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| The innermost tissue layer of the alimentary canal is the __________. | show 🗑
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| Which histological layer of the digestive tract is composed primarily of epithelial tissue? | show 🗑
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| The_________ is the last segment of the small intestine. | show 🗑
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| show | production of intrinsic factor
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| show | small intestine
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| show | constipation
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| Amalyse is for ______ digestion | show 🗑
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| show | lipid digestion
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| show | dna and rna digestion
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| show | fat digestion
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| What is the major function of the pancreas? | show 🗑
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| Blood drained from the stomach is more alkaline (basic) than blood that serves the stomach. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | brush border enzymes
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| Absorbed lipids are transported from intestinal epithelial cells to the lymphatic system in what form? | show 🗑
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| In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the: | show 🗑
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| show | gastroesophageal sphincter
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| show | stimulated; inhibited
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| show | peyers patches
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| What is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach? | show 🗑
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| show | peristalsis
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| The large intestine contain a large number of bacteria T/F | show 🗑
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| Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility? | show 🗑
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| List the layers of the walls of the GI tract in order | show 🗑
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| The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed from the union of the: | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased surface area for absorption would cause weight loss to occur.
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| List several products produced by the stomach | show 🗑
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| The final product of carbohydrate digestion is: | show 🗑
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| show | muscle tone
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| show | enteric plexus
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| The mysentery is composed of a layer of serous membrane fused with a layer of mucus membrane. T/F | show 🗑
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| The mysentery provides a route for blood vessel, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the digestive viscera. T/f | show 🗑
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| show | a burst appendix
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| show | mumps
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| Halitosis is caused by: | show 🗑
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| show | periodontitus
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| The ___________ phase of gastric secretion is considered a conditioned reflex. | show 🗑
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| Vasoactive intestinal peptide is not part of the enterogastrone hormones? T/F | show 🗑
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| Hollow organs, like the stomach, that act as reservoirs exhibit: | show 🗑
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| show | absorption of whole proteins
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| show | irritable bowel syndrome
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| Amino-acid absorption is coupled to the active transport of sodium. T/F | show 🗑
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| Bile digests fats and related lipids. T/F | show 🗑
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| Defecation is mediated by a sympathetic spinal cord reflex. T/F | show 🗑
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| In addition to gastrin, the stomach produces serotonin and histamine to regulate smooth muscle contraction and parietal cells' release of HCl, respectively. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Protein digestion begins in the oral cavity under the action of salivary peptidase. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | True (the pancreas does NOT have a serosa layer)
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| The pyloric sphincter regulates passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (The appendix is considered to be a lymphoid structure.)
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| show | False (The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct form the ampulla.)
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| show | True
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| show | False (the mucosa is the innermost layer)
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| show | False (into lymphatic lacteals)
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| show | False (The myenteric plexus controls smooth muscle.)
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| An adult has 20 teeth. T/F | show 🗑
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| The accessory organs for digestion include the | show 🗑
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| show | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
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| show | small intestine
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| The primary goal of digestive tract regulatory mechanisms is to optimize nutrient breakdown and absorption. T/F | show 🗑
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| The serous membrane that covers the external surface of most digestive organs is called the: | show 🗑
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| _______ circulation collects nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it to the liver. | show 🗑
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| Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| The phases of gastric secretion from first to last are: | show 🗑
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| The increased concentration of HCO3-in blood draining from the stomach is called __________. | show 🗑
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| The_________ is the first segment of the small intestine. | show 🗑
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| show | microvilli
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| Bile is stored and concentrated in the____. | show 🗑
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| show | false (4)
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| CCK is found in pancreatic secretions T/F | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Most water is absorbed in the ________. | show 🗑
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| The large intestine produces intrinsic factor T/F | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Pepsin enzymatically digests _____. | show 🗑
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| show | True (fats are needed to absorb vitamin D)
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| In the ________ of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum | show 🗑
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| Which enzymes are responsible for the final chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleic acids? | show 🗑
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| show | A nutrient
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| show | Catabolism
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| Secretin and (CCK) are released by the large intestine. T/F | show 🗑
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| The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________ | show 🗑
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| show | fungiform and circumvallate
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| The ________ phase of gastric secretions occurs before food enters the stomach | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which cell types synthesize and secrete these products? | show 🗑
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| Hepatocytes produce digestive enzymes T/F | show 🗑
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| A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________. | show 🗑
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| show | ingestion
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| The _______ circulation includes all of the arteries that serve the digestive organs. | show 🗑
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| The primary dentition consists of _____ teeth. | show 🗑
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| Bile is produced by the: | show 🗑
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| show | in the form of chylomicrons
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| show | cytosol; anaerobic
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| show | glucose
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| show | urea; liver
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| show | maintain blood glucose levels within a homeostatic range
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| show | LDLs
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| Which term describes the breakdown of stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids? | show 🗑
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| show | total metabolic rate.
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| show | insulin
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| show | false
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| show | protein metabolism
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| show | hypothalamus
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| Leptin is a short-term regulator of food intake. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | false (Glycolysis only yields two ATP molecules per oxidized molecule of glucose. The electron transport chain yields the majority of the ATP produced in the complete oxidation of glucose)
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| Neurons and red blood cells rely exclusively on ________ to meet their energy needs. | show 🗑
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| What is the primary function of cellular respiration? | show 🗑
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| Which nutrients function as coenzymes and are needed in only small amounts? | show 🗑
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| The body is able to form glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | conversion to a nucleic acid
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| show | production of energy
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| show | control of blood pressure
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| Define negative nitrogen balance? | show 🗑
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| Oxidation-reduction reactions are catalyzed by which enzymes? | show 🗑
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| show | may involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons
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| The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________. | show 🗑
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| show | transferred to a keto acid
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| Which nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? | show 🗑
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| show | isocitric
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| show | true
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| show | true
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| show | brain
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| show | true
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| ________ is controlled hyperthermia. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| The amount of ________ produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining BMR. | show 🗑
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| _____ processes exceed ______ ones during the absorptive state? | show 🗑
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| There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a complete protein. T/F | show 🗑
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