CHAPTER 7 - Learning
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| learning | show 🗑
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| show | a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being associated with a stimulus that already elicits that response
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| unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | show 🗑
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| unconditioned response (UCR) | show 🗑
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| conditioned stimulus (CS) | show 🗑
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| show | in classical conditioning, the learned response given to a particular conditioned stimulus
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| higher-order conditioning | show 🗑
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| show | in classical conditioning, giving a conditioned response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
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| stimulus discrimination | show 🗑
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| extinction | show 🗑
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| spontaneous recovery | show 🗑
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| show | A classically conditioned dislike for and avoidance of a particular food that develops when an organism becomes ill after eating the food.
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| law of effect | show 🗑
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| show | b.f. skinner's term for instrumental conditioning, a form of learning in which a behavior becomes more or less probable, depending on its consequences
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| skinner box | show 🗑
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| show | in operant conditioning an increase in the probability of a behavior that is followed by a desirable consequences
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| show | in operant conditioning, an unlearned reinforcer that satisfies a biological need such as food, water, or oxygen
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| secondary reinforcer | show 🗑
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| show | in operant conditioning, a stimulus that indicates the likelihood that a particular response will be reinforced, and in the absence of which a particular response is not likely to be reinforced.
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| show | an operant conditioning procedure that involves the positive reinforcement of successive approximations of an initially improbable behavior to eventually bring about that behavior
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| chaining | show 🗑
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| continuous schedule of reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces some, but not all, instances of a desired response
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| fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | a partial schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement after varying, unpredictable numbers of desired responses
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| show | a partial schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for the first desired response made after a set length of time
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| variable-interval schedule of reinforcement | show 🗑
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| negative reinforcement | show 🗑
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| show | learning to perform a behavior that terminates an aversive stimulus, as in negative reinforcement
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| avoidance learning | show 🗑
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| extinction | show 🗑
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| spontaneous recovery | show 🗑
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| show | in operant conditioning, the process by which an aversive stimulus decreases the probability of a response that precedes it
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| show | an operant conditioning procedure that uses tokens as positive reinforcers in programs designed to promote desirable behaviors, with the tokens later used to purchase desired items or privileges
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| programmed instruction | show 🗑
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| computer-assisted instruction | show 🗑
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| show | a feeling of futility caused by the belief that one has little or no control over events in one's life, which can make one stop trying and become depressed
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| show | a form of operant conditioning that enables an individual 2 learn 2 control a normally involuntary physiological process or 2 gain better control of a normally voluntary 1 when provided w/ visual/auditory information indicating the state of that response
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| show | the reversion of animals to behaviors characteristics of their species even when being reinforced for performing other behaviors
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| show | the degree to which members of species are innately prepared to learn particular behaviors
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| blocking | show 🗑
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| latent learning | show 🗑
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| show | learning produced by observing the consequences that others recieve for performing particular behaviors
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| show | a theory of learning that assumes that people learn behaviors mainly through observation and mental processing of information
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