MEDSCI 142
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| Osteo= | show 🗑
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| Function skeleton (6 things) | show 🗑
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| Fn (1)support | show 🗑
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| Fn (2)fat storage | show 🗑
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| show | -red bone marrow
-producing blood
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| Fn (4)Movement | show 🗑
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| Fn (5)Ca & phosphorous reserves | show 🗑
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| Fn (3) Protection | show 🗑
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| show | (1)axial
(2)appendicular
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| show | -ribcage, spine, cranium
-support/protection
-haemopoisis
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| show | -outer limbs
-movement
-storage
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| show | -end of bone
-compression
-no periosteum
-thin outer cortex
-trabeculae(beams& rods of support)
-red bone marrow
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| show | -centre
-bending forces
-periosteum
-perforating sharpey's fibres
-yellow bone marrow
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| perforating sharpey's fibres | show 🗑
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| Bone=specialised CT (made of) | show 🗑
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| Fibres (bone CT) | show 🗑
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| show | -Ca10(PO4)6OH2 -inorganic -compression & sqeezing
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| show | OSTEO -genic -blast -cyte -clast
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| show | -from stem cells
-normally dormant
-surface of bone & canals
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| Osteoblast | show 🗑
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| Oestoid | show 🗑
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| Osteocyte | show 🗑
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| Osteoclast | show 🗑
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| show | osteogenic->osteoblast->osteocyte
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| calcification | show 🗑
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| show | -long bone grows in diameter -bone remodelling
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| Appositional growth | show 🗑
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| Bone reabsorption | show 🗑
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| show | -interstitial -too rigid -only by adding to surface
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| show | independently -=bone remodeling
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| long bone growing in length? | show 🗑
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| show | -lamellar -osteoblasts in layers=lamellae
-collagen alternating 90* Win layer (Wstand F in all directions)
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| show | -trabecular -5x turnover than compact -lighter
-irregular lattice -outward growth -medullary cavity(bone marrow)
-inside -epiphysis support compact W multiple directional force
-calcunae radiate outwards
-BV for norishment
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| Osteon formation in compact bone (2types) | show 🗑
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| (1)appositional growth of osteon | show 🗑
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| (2)osteoclast activity of 2* oesteon | show 🗑
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| show | -strong & dense
-outer layer
-thicker exposed to large forces
-outershell
-diaphysis
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| Compact bone growth & blood supply | show 🗑
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| Spongy bone Function & location | show 🗑
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| spongey bone growth & blood supply | show 🗑
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| show | -pt where bones interconnect
-movement
-force transition
-growth
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| show | -immovable
-V stable
-axial
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| show | -slightly movable
-av. stability
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| Diarthrosis | show 🗑
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| show | -not restricted by properties of tissues holding ends of bones together
-end of bones=free (except articulate cartilage
-instability
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| show | -articulate capsule
-articulate cartilage
-synovial fluid
-joint cavity
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| show | -specialised hyaline
-thin layer at end of bones
-absorb shock
-support heavy loads
-near frictionless surface
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| chondrocytes (CELLS) | show 🗑
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| show | -H2O & sol. ions
-Fibres
-gylcosamino/proteoglycans
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| Fibre [articulate cartilage] | show 🗑
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| show | -ECM
-'fluid phase'=move in/out of tissue
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| Gycosaminoglycans & proteglycans [articulate cartilage] | show 🗑
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| show | -repeating disacch. unit
-negative charge
-many attached to protein core=proteoglycan
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| Proteoglycans | show 🗑
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| PG complex | show 🗑
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| [loading cycle] -ve charges.. | show 🗑
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| [loading cycle] loaded equlibrium=? | show 🗑
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| [loading cycle] load introduced | show 🗑
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| synovial joint [articulate capsule] | show 🗑
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| Fibrous layer [articulate cartilage] | show 🗑
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| show | -inner loss CT
-intima(synoviocytes secret fluid)
-subintima
(lots BV,macrophages,fat,fibroblast=
maintainence & protection)
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| show | -V small
-btwn. articulating surfaces
-mostly vili of syn. mem. in space
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| show | -lubrication
-shock abs.
-chondrocyte met.
-joint maintenance
-from vessels in subitima & synoviocytes
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| Muscle functions (6) | show 🗑
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| show | -attachement moves least during contraction
(axial)
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| insertion | show 🗑
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| show | -OTJ
-tendon & bone
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| myotendinous junction | show 🗑
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| show | contractile part of muscle
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| show | bundle of fasicles
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| show | -dense irr. CT -surround entire muscle & peri
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| show | -dense irr. CT
-surround fasicles
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| Fasicles | show 🗑
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| show | -loose irr. CT -surrounding myocyte
-nerves & caps W supply myocytes
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| show | -muscle fibre
-bundle of myofibrils
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| sacroplasm | show 🗑
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| sacrolemma | show 🗑
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| show | -many sacromeres
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| Sacromere | show 🗑
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| A band | show 🗑
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| I band | show 🗑
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| Z-disk | show 🗑
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| muscle & attachement to CT | show 🗑
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| Deep fascia | show 🗑
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| Compartments | show 🗑
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| Hypertrophy | show 🗑
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| show | -variants of testosterone
-incr. protein syn.
-bad side effects:acne,hairloss,infertility
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| Atrophy | show 🗑
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| Satellite cells | show 🗑
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| show | -organisation(muscle construction)
-medium for BV&nerves(acess myocyte)
-prevent XS stretch
-distribute F
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| Desmin | show 🗑
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| Dystrophin | show 🗑
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| muscular dystrophy | show 🗑
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