Respiratory short forms & terminology
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| Carbon dioxide(CO2) | tasteless,colourless,odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolic process.
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| Cilia | Any hairlike structure. (ei. nose hair)
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| Diffuse | Moving or spreading out of a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces.
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| Homeostasis | State which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain a constant internal environment.
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| Mucous Membrane | Moist tissue layer lining hollow organs 7 cavities of the body that open to the environment; also called mucosa
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| pH | Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
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| Septum | Wall dividing two cavities, such as the nasal septum, which separates the two nostrils.
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| Serous Membrane | Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa
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| nas/o | nose
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| rhin/o | ex.rhin/o/plasty : surgical repair of the septum.
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| sinus/o | sinus,cavity
ex. sinus/o/tomy: incision of any of the sinuses.
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| -tomy | incision
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| tonsill/o | tonsils
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| pharyng/o | pharynx(throat)
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| pharyng/o/scope | instrument for examining the pharynx.
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| -scope | instrument for examining
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis
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| -itis | inflammation
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| laryng/o | larynx(voice box)
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| trache/o | trachea(windpipe)
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| bronchi/o | bronchus(plural,bronchi)
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| -ectasis | dilation,expansion
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| bronch/o | bronchus
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole
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| alveol/o | alveolus (air sac)
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| pleur/o | pleura
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| pneum/o | air;lung
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| -ectomy | excision
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| pneumon/o | air;lung
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| -ia | condition
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| -logist | specialist in the study of
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| anthrac/o | coal,coal dust
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| -osis | abnormal condition;increase(used primarily with blood cells)
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| atel/o | incomplete;imperfect
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| coni/o | dust
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| cyan/o | blue
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| lob/o | lobe
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| orth/o | straight
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| -pnea | breathing
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| ox/i | oxygen
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| ox/o | oxygen
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| -meter | instrument for measuring
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| hyp- | under,below,deficient
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| -emia | blood condition
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| pector/o | chest
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| -algia | pain
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| steth/o | ex.steth/o/scope; instrument used for examining the chest.
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| thorac/o | ex. thorac/o/pathy; disease of the chest.
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| -pathy | disease
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| phren/o | diaphragm;mind
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| -spasm | involuntary contraction,twitching
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| spir/o | breathe
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| -capnia | carbon dioxide (CO2)
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| -osmia | smell
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| an- | without,not
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| -phonia | voice
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| dys- | bad,painful,difficult
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| a- | without,not
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| -ptysis | spitting
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| -thorax | chest
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| py/o | pus
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| brady- | slow
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| eu- | good,normal
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| tachy- | rapid,fast
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids
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| anosmia | absence of the sence of smell
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| apnea | temporary loss of breathing
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| asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen.
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| astelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic & affect all part of a lung.
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| atel | incomplete;imperfect
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all.
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| compliance | Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched.
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| Coryza | Head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)
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| Crackle | Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates,spasms,hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-full alveoli; also called rale.
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| Croup | Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and, sometimes, lungs.
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| Deviated nasal septum | Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils.
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| Epiglottitis | Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis & supraglottis structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 & 12 years of age.
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| Epistaxis | Nosebleed;nasal hemorrhage.
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| Finger clubbing | Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers & toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease.
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| Hypoxemia | Deficiency of oxygen in the blood.
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| Hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen in tissues.
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| Pertussis | Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough.
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| DPT | Diptheria-Pertussis-Tetanus; the immunization of infants, is effective in the prevention of pertussis.
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| Pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis.
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| Pneumoconiosis | Disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust(anthracosis),stone dust(chalicosis), iron dust(siderosis) & asbestos particles(asbetosis).
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| Pulmonary edema | Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues & alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure.
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| Pulmonary embolus | Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot,tissue,air bubbles,& bacteria).
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| Rhonchus | Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation.
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| Stridor | High-pitched,harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway.
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| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | Completely unexpected & unexplained death of an apparently normal,healthy infant, usually less than 12months of age; also called crib death.
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| Wheeze | Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway.
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| Mantoux test | Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the are around the test site becomes red & swollen.(A positive mantoux test suggets a past or present exposure to TB or past TB vaccination)
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| Oximetry | Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry.
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| Polysomnography | Test of sleep cycles & stages using continuous recordings of brain waves (EEGs),electrical activity of muscles,eye movement(electro-oculogram),respiratory rate,blood pressure,blood oxygen saturation,heart rhythm & sometimes,direct observation of person.
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| Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) | Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in & expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane.
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| poly- | many;much
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| somn/o | sleep
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| Spirometry | Measurment of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity & flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air.
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| Bronchoscopy | Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope(flexible fiberoptic or rigid)inserted through the mouth & trachea for direct viewing of structures or of projection on a monitor.
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| Laryngoscopy | Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors,foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities.
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| Mediastinoscopy | Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart,trachea,esophagus,bronchus,thymus, & lymph nodes.
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| Mediastin/o | Mediastinum
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| Arterial blood gas (ABG) | Test that measures partial pressure of oxygen (Po2),carbon dioxide(Pco2),pH(acidity or alkalinity),& bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample.
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| Sputum culture | Microbial test used to indentify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pnemonias.
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| Sweat test | Measurement of the amount of salt(sodium chloride) in sweat. used almost exclusively in children to confirm cystic fibrosis.
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| Throat culture | Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci.
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| Radiography | Process of producing images using x-ray passed through the body or area & captured on a film.
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| Radi/o | Radiation,X-ray;radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
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| Thoracic (chest) | Images of the chest taken from anteroposterior (AP)projection, or combination of these projections.
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| Scan | Imaging procedure that gathers information about a specific organ or structure of the body. In some cases, small amounts of injected radionuclide(tracer) are used to enhance images.
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| Lung | Nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli.
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| Aerosol therapy | Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways.Techniques include nebulizers,metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), & dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
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| Lavage | Irrigating or washing out of an organ,stomach,bladder,bowel,or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid.
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| Antral | Irrigation of the antrum(maxillary sinus) in chronic or nonresponsive sinusitis.
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| Postural drainage | Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage or secretions from the bronchi & lobes of the lungs.
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| Pleurectomy | Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal.
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| Pneumectomy | Excision of a lung.
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| Rhinoplasty | Reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes.
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| Septoplasty | Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures.
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| Thoracentesis | Surgical puncture & drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis.
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| Tracheostomy | Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck & into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted.
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| Antihistamines | Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissue.
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| Antitussives | Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain.
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| Bronchodilators | Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax,thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow.
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| Corticosteriods | Act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic & inflammatory actions.
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| Decongestants | Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages & limit blood flow,which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways.
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| Expectorants | Liquify respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes.
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