Digestive System Vocabulary
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| The movement of the digested material across the intestinal wall into the blood stream. | Absorption
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| The digestive tract from mouth to anus. | Alimentary canal
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| an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that breaks down starch which begins the chemical digestion of food. | amylase
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| Ground up food is mixed with this by the tongue and digestion begins | amylase
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| functions to emulsify fats which means fats are broken into smaller droplets to make easier for enzymes to digest them | bile
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| largest part of the stomach and called the "J" curve | body
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| to break down carbohydrates such as starches and sugars into saccharides ex. pancreatic amylase | carbohydrase
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| first part of the stomach where the esophagus deposits food | cardia
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| this is the phase where the sights, smell, taste, and thought of food triggers the release of gastric secretions. These sensations stimulate the central nervous system, which causes the secretions. This prepares the stomach to receive food | celiac phase
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| stiimulates production of pancreatic enzymes, the contraction of the gallbladder, and inhibits gastric secretion | cholecystokinin
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| partially digested food from the stomach | chyme
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| the gallbladder | cystic
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| removal of undigested waste products by compacting and discharging the waste as feces | defecation
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| a flap that moves between the esophagus and the trachea | epiglottis
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| carries food to the stomach | esophagus
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| indigestible material to be eliminated | feces
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| small (usually green) pouch located under one of the lobes of the liver | gallbladder
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| stimulates the release of insulin by the Islets of Langerhands (pancreas) and inhibits gastric secretions | gastric inhibitory peptide
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| this phase begins with the arrival of food into the stomach. The stomach is stimulated to stretch and begin contracting to mix and break down food | gastric phase
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| stimulates the production of acids and enzymes | gastrin
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| refers to the liver | hepatic
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| the functional unit in the liver | hepatocyte
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| this phase controls the rate at which the stomach will empty food | intestinal phase
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| another name for the pancreas | Islets of Langerhans
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| breaks down fats (lipids) | lipase
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| produces bile | liver
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| to break down nucleic acids into nucleotides, etc. ex. Pancreatic lipase | nuclease
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| lies horizontally across the upper abdominal cavity. it secrets insulin | pancreas
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| the process through which indigested food are propelled through the digestive tract | peristalsis
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| to break down proteins into amino acids ex. Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase | protease
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| end of the stomach that connects to the duodenum which is the first part of the small intestines | pylorus
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| secrete the digestive enzyme, amylase, which begins the breakdown or digestion of start | salivary gland
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| stimulates the production of alkaline buffers, inhibits gastric secretions, and increases bile secretion | secretin
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| occurs in the small intestines where small portion of churned, digested materials are propelled through the tract | segmentation
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