BIOL 1300 (Body Systems w/ Lab) Review for Exam #2 Spring 2012
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| What is the name of the shaft of a long bone and the membrane that lines the marrow cavity? | Diaphysis and endosteum
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| Name the hard bone and porous bone found in the shafts and ends of long bones. | compact bone and spongy bone
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| What are the cells that produce bone tissue called? | osteoblasts
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| The skull bone that contains the internal portions of the ear is the | temporal bone
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| Name the bone of the lower jaw | mandible
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| What are the soft spots in the infant skull called? | fontanels
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| What is the scientific name for the collarbone? | clavicle
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| The anatomical name for the thigh bone is the | femur
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| What bones make up the palm of the hand? | metacarpal bones
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| Which disorder is associated with lateral curvature of the spinal column? What is an exaggerated thoracic curve of the spine called? | Scoliosis, kyphosis
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| The broken bone protrudes through the skin in a(n)_____ fracture. | open
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| What are the bands of connective tissue that hold the bones together in a synovial joint called? What are the small fluid filled sacs near some synovial joint called? | Ligaments, bursae
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| An excess of uric acid can result in what painful joint disorder called? | gout
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| A degenerative joint disease that primarily occurs in weight-bearing joints is | osteoarthritis
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| The word part –penia means | lack of
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| Where is red marrow is found? | spongy bone
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| What cells are involved in bone resorption? | osteoclasts
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| Where does bone growth in children occur? | epiphyseal plates
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| What is a depression on the surface of a bone called? | fossa
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| What is an air space within a bone known as? What is a short channel through a bone called? | sinus & meatus
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| What are the visible bands in cardiac and skeletal muscle called? | striations
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| The muscular layer of the intestine is composed of visceral, or ______ muscle. | smooth
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| Binding sites on the actin molecules are covered by what two proteins when the muscle is at rest? | troponin , tropomyosin
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| The larger of the two filaments forming a cross bridge is made of which protein? | myosin
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| Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction ? | acetylcholine
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| What is the compound that causes the myosin head to detach from actin? | ATP
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| Muscles operating anaerobically are said to be in a state of | oxygen debt
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| What energy-storing compound is similar to ATP? | creatine phosphate
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| The increase in muscle size resulting from resistance training is termed | hypertrophy
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| What is a contraction that shortens the muscle but does not increase muscle? | isotonic
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| What term is given to a muscle that produces a given movement? Which muscle opposes a given action? | prime mover, antagonis
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| What term is used to describe the pivot point of a lever system? | fulcrum
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| A term referring to a muscle that decreases the angle at a joint is | flexor
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| Which muscle is dome-shaped and used in breathing? | diaphragm
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| The prime mover in plantar flexion is the | gastrocnemius
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| What action does the triceps brachii perform at the arm at the elbow? | extends
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| What is the cheek muscle used in whistling? | buccinator
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| Name the muscles located between the ribs. | intercostals
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| Aging is associated with a gradual decrease in the number of muscle cells, or | atrophy
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| What is inflammation of a tendon called? | tendinitis
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| What is the medical term for muscle pain? | myalgia
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| The word part sarc/o means | flesh
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| The specialized membranes that permit electric impulses to pass between cardiac muscle cells are called | intercalated disks
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| A bundle of muscle fibers is called a(n) | fascicle
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| What is the membrane surrounding individual muscle fibers? | endomysium
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| A single neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates comprise a(n) | motor unit
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| The two filaments that form cross-bridges are | actin and myosin
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| Which event occurs during muscle relaxation? | Calcium is pumped into the endoplasmic reticulum
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| The compound binds myosin and provides the energy for the power stroke is | ATP
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| What substance is produced during oxygen debt? | lactic acid
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| Name the compound that stores oxygen in muscle cells. | myoglobin
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| What effect does exercise have on blood vessels? | dilation of blood vessels
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| What is the partial contraction observed in resting muscle is called? | muscle tone
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| A muscle that steadies body parts during a movement is called a(n) | synergist
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| Which muscle moves the head? | sternocleidomastoid
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| Where is the levator ani found? | perineum
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| Which muscle is located at the angle of the jaw used for chewing? Which muscle is used in closing the lips? | Masseter, obicularis oris
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| The hamstring muscles perform what action? | flex the leg
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| Inflammation of connective tissues is known as | fibrositis
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| What does Carpal tunnel syndrome affect? | Tendons in the fingers
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| Any word containing the part brachi/o probably refers to the | arm
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| How many phalanges are found in each hand? | 14
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| What is the olecranon? | the part of the ulna that forms the elbow
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| What is the scientific name for the kneecap? | patella
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| The greater trochanter is a large projection on what bone? | femur
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| What is inflammation of the joints called? | arthritis
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| Freely moveable joints are also called | diarthroses
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| Which joint type has the smallest range of motion? | gliding joint
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| The turning of a bone on its own axis is called | rotation
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| When a dancer points his/her toes, the foot performs what movement? | plantar flexion
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| The word part cost/o refers to the | ribs
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