Circulatory; SC Bio5
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| Function of Blood | Distribution, regulates temperature, pH levels and fluid volume, protection
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| Characteristics of Blood | Blood is fluid tissue, has a metallic taste because of the iron, viscous, males average more blood than females (5-6L vs 4-5L)
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| Composition of Blood | Plasma and formed elements
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| formed elements in the blood | Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC) and platelets
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| Hematocrit | percent of RBC in total blood volume. males-47%, females-42%
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| Centrifuge | separates Red blood cells and plasma, <1% of whole blood is platelets and leukocytes (WBC)
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| Blood Plasma | 90% water, contains > 100 different dissolved solutes; Plasma bodies, organic nutrients, electrolytes and respiratory gases.
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| How does O2 and CO2 travel? | By attaching to RBC or by dissolving in plasma
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| formed elements in the blood | Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. (most survive in the bloodstream for only a few days)
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| Hematopoeisis | RBC can't since replicate since they have no nucleus. They are produced by cell division in red bone marrow. (1oz of new blood a day)
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| Function of RBC-erythrocytes | main function is transportation of respiratory gases, efficient carrier or O2 since it doesn't have any organelles that use it up. contains 97% hemoglobin, whose structure contains iron and O2 binds to iron.
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| Hemoglobin | Heme-pigmented part, contains iron (4 heme in 1 hemoglobin), globin- protein part. For every 1 heme there will be 1 O2 molecule, so 1 hemoglobin=4 O2 molecules
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| Erythropoietin (hormone) | increases formation of new red blood (controls erythropoiesis), released by kidney
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| Erythropoiesis | stem cell> committed cell> hemoglobin forms>reticulocyte leaves bone marrow to mature in blood stream, maturing happens in the blood stream
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| Destruction of RBC | live 120 days, macrophages in spleen, liver and bone marrow destroy RBC, globin breaks it does into amino acids and is reused, heme breaks down bilirubin(yellow) into stercobilin(brown)
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| Erythrocyte Disorder: anemia | blood O2 cannot support normal metabolism. Caused by lowered RBCs, lower Hemoglobin per RBC ration or abnormal hemoglobin (sickle cell)
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| Leukocytes (WBCs) | Only formed element that is a complete cell, make up <1% of blood volume, and unlike RBC who only stay in blood stream, WBC's leave the bloodstream and can travel into tissue. Two types granulocytes and agranulocytes
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| Granulocytes | contain granules which contain enzymes, there are neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils.
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| Neutrophils | Multi-lobed nucleus, two types of granules and stains, both a acidic and basic, protect against bacteria and some fungi
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| Eosinophils | Bi-lobed nucleus, acid stain, counterattack agains parasistic worms and lessen the severity of allergies
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| Basophils | basic stain, release histamine-causes vasodilation (vessel dilation) and attract WBC to inflamed site
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| Agranulocytes | no ganules; lymphocytes and monocytes
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| Lymphocytes | T lymphocytes destroy infected cells and B lymphocytes produce antibodies
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| Monocytes | becomes macrophage, activates B and T lymphocytes
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| Order of most abundant to least abundant of leukocytes | Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, Eosinophil and basophil
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| Platelets (Thrombocytes) | cell fragments, plugs damages vessels and initiates blood clotting
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| Human blood groups | A, B, AB (universal recipient), O (universal donor). distinguished by antigens and antibodies
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| antigens | markers on the surface of a cell (receptors) Ex. Type A cell contains a antigen A
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| antibodies | proteins that travel in the plasma that mark foreign blood cells for destruction. Type A cell contains anti-B antibodies
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| type AB | Surface antigens A and B, and neither anti-A nor anti- B antibodies
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| type O | No antigens, has anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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| RH blood groups | Presence of Rh antigen on RBC's is indicated as RH+, Rh antibodies form in Rh- individuals only after exposure. Ex. Type A+ contains anti-b antigens and Rh antigens
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