The Reproductive System
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| show | produce offspring
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| show | gonads (ovaries or testes)...gametes (ova or sperm) and sex hormones
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| all other male and female reproductive organs are | show 🗑
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| the primary sex organs (gonads) for males are the...which lie in the... | show 🗑
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| ...travel to the body exterior from the testes through a system of | show 🗑
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| show | the ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and the urethra which opens at the tip of the penis
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| show | accessory glands...seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands
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| the accessory glands empty their secretions into the | show 🗑
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| show | scrotum and penis
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| show | skin and subcutaneous tissue which contains the testes or testicles
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| the scrotum is located...to the... | show 🗑
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| show | changes in external temperature
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| under cold conditions the testes are...toward the..and the scrotal skin | show 🗑
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| show | dartos muscle(wrinkling) and the cremaster muscles(elevation)
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| show | superficial 3 layered serous sac called the tunica vaginalis and a deeper layer called the tunica albuginea
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| show | lobules...seminiferous tubules seperated by the tunica albuginea
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| the thick epithelium of the seminiferous tubule consists off | show 🗑
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| show | spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids
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| show | sustentacular or sertoli cells
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| show | basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule capsule
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| show | blood testis barrier
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| the sertoli cells nourish the | show 🗑
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| show | secrete testicular fluid, androgen-binding protein and the hormone inhibin
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| posteriorly, the seminiferous tubules of each lobule converge to form a | show 🗑
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| show | tiny branching tubes, which empty into efferent ductules that enter the epididymis
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| show | lumen as they differentiate into sperm by a process called spermatogenesis
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| spermiogenesis is the | show 🗑
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| show | detached from the sertoloi cell and enters the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and marks the end of spermiogenesis
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| myoid cells are...cells that surround the...and help to... | show 🗑
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| show | androgens, testosterone
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| show | luteinizing hormone...pituitary gland
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| show | male sex characteristics and sex organs
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| show | tubuli recti and rete testes, then out of the testes through the efferent ductules and lastly into the duct of the epididymis
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| the comma shaped...hugs the.. | show 🗑
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| show | ductus deferens....swim and fertilize
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| show | contraction of smooth muscle in the duct of the epididymis
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| show | epididymis...ejaculator yduct...pelvic cavity
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| show | propel sperm...urethra by peristalsis
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| the fascia-covered...contains the... | show 🗑
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| the urethra conducts | show 🗑
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| the urethra consists of three parts | show 🗑
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| male accessory glands produce the bulk of...which is comprised of... | show 🗑
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| show | long, pouched...bladder
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| show | sugar-rich...60%
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| the prostate gland is a group of...embedded in a...which... | show 🗑
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| show | 1/3 volume of semen....various substancesto enhance sperm motility and enzymes that help to clot, then to liquefy, the semen
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| show | pea...mucus into the urethra before ejaculation...traces of acidic urine and to lubricate the urethra for the passage of semen
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| show | sexual intercourse....external genitalia, along with the scrotum
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| show | sperm into the female reproductive system
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| the penis is divided into three regions | show 🗑
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| show | fixed...rami of the ischia...urogenital triangle immediately inferior to the pubic symphasis
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| the shaft or body of the penis is the...portion that is comprised of | show 🗑
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| show | expanded distal...external urethral orifice
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| show | fold of skin...prepuce or foreskin
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| the penis' main nerves and vessels lie..to the midline | show 🗑
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| show | spongy urethra...clyindrical bodies of erectile tissue
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| show | spongy urethra
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| there are two paired dorsal corpora cavernosa located | show 🗑
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| show | bases...cruca...ramus of the ischium...touch CT ligaments
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| show | a deep artery of the penis
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| engorgement of these bodies with blood causes | show 🗑
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| show | two step process
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| show | the sympathetic nervous system coordinates peristaltic contractions that mix the fluid components of the semen within the male reproductive tract
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| ejaculation is the process in which...begin in the...to... | show 🗑
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| the male perineum is a...shaped perineum that contains the... | show 🗑
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| the primary sex organs, also called..., for females are the | show 🗑
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| show | uterine tube, uterus, vagina
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| show | fertilization occurs
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| show | birth canal
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| the external genitalia of the female are referred to as the | show 🗑
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| show | mons pubis, labia, clitoris, structures associated with the vestibule
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| the mammary glands are actually part of the...but are considered in this chapter because of their... | show 🗑
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| show | houses, nourishes, protects, and deilvers a developing baby
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| show | menstrual cycle of about 28 days
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| the ovaries are...shaped that lie on the...and flank the... | show 🗑
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| show | fold of peritoneum...broad ligament...uterus and uterine tubes
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| show | suspensory ligaments of the ovary and its continuation is the round ligament of the uterus
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| the ovarian ligament is a distinct...enclosed within the... | show 🗑
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| show | outer cortex and inner medulla
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| show | houses the developing gametes, called oocytes, which occur within saclike multicellular structures called follicles
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| the follicles | show 🗑
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| show | loost CT containing the main ovarian blood vessel, lymph vessels, and nerves
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| show | thousands of primordial follicles, each of which consists of an oocyte surrounded by a layer of flat follicular cells
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| show | follicular phase (days 1-14), ovulation (day 14) and luteal phase (days 15-28)
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| show | 6-12
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| show | follicle per month completes the maturation process
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| upon stimulation by...the oocyte is released from the | show 🗑
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| ovulation involves a...followed by... | show 🗑
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| the luteal phase is when the ruptured follicle remaining in the ovary becomes | show 🗑
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| progesteron acts on | show 🗑
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| show | degenerates in about 2 weeks into a corpus albicans which remains in the ovary for several months and shrinks until it is finally phagocytosed by macrophages
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| show | the female gametes (ova)
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| show | birth and takes decades to complete
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| the stem cells or...appear in the... | show 🗑
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| show | meiosis I...ovulation
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| show | meiosis II...sperm penetrates it
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| show | fallopian tube or oviducts
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| show | the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization
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| each uterine tube extends from an | show 🗑
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| the uterine tube has 3 reginos from lateral to medial including | show 🗑
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| show | fimbriae...infundibulum...currents that help draw an ovulated oocyte into the uterine tube
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| the wall of the uterine tube includes two layers | show 🗑
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| show | propel the oocyte toward the uterus
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| show | pelvic cavity anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder
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| the hollow uterus, is shaped like an...and has four regions... | show 🗑
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| show | rounded...entrance of the uterine tubes
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| show | slightly narrowed...body
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| show | narrow neck...isthmus...vagina
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| show | cervical canal with a bacteria-blocking mucus
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| the cervical canal communicates with the...via the... | show 🗑
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| show | lateral pelvic walls...mesomentrium which is the largest division of the broad ligament
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| show | broad, lateral cervical, and round ligaments
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| show | muscles of the pelvic floor
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| show | perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium
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| show | outer serous membrane...peritoneum
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| the myometrium is a...layer consisting of | show 🗑
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| show | squeeeze the baby out during childbirth
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| the endometrium is an...that consits of | show 🗑
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| the endometrium consists of two layers or...including the... | show 🗑
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| show | inner layer closest to the uterine cavity
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| the stratum functionalis contains most of the | show 🗑
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| stratum functionalis undergoes | show 🗑
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| show | outer layer that is adjacent to the myometrium
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| stratum basalis attaches the | show 🗑
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| show | terminal branches of the tubular glands...shed but it replenishes the stratum functionalis
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| show | arcuate arteries that encircle the endometrium
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| show | straight arteries
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| show | arcuate arteries and supply the straight arteries and the spiral arteries
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| show | stratum funcionalis
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| the uterine cycle averages...in length but can range from...in normal individuals | show 🗑
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| show | coordinated with the phases of the ovarian cycle
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| show | hormones associated with the regulation of the ovarian cycle
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| the menstrual phase of..is the onset of the...and is marked by the | show 🗑
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| show | functional layer undergoes repair and thickens
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| proliferative phase: epithelial cells of the uterine glands | show 🗑
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| the end result of proliferative phase is | show 🗑
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| the secretory phase of the menstral cycle is when the...enlarge and incrase their... | show 🗑
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| during secretory phase the arteries... | show 🗑
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| the menstrual and proliferative phases are a | show 🗑
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| the third phase prepares | show 🗑
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| menarche | show 🗑
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| show | last uterine cycle which typically occurs at age 45-55
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| the vagina is a highly | show 🗑
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| primary blood supply to the vagina | show 🗑
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| show | uterus...rectum...urethra and bladder
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| the vagina acts as the | show 🗑
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| the vagina serves as a | show 🗑
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| vaginal wall consists of the | show 🗑
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| show | fibrous CT
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| show | serosa that is continuous with the pelvic peritoneum covers the portion of the vagina to the uterus
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| show | smooth muscle fibers arranged in circular and longitudinal bundles that are continuous with the uterine myometrium
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| the inner mucusoa consits of an | show 🗑
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| in the relaxed state, the mucosa layer is thrown into | show 🗑
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| the vaginal lumen is | show 🗑
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| show | normal population of resident bacteria which are supported by the nutrients found in the cervical mucus
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| the acidic environment of the vagina is due to the | show 🗑
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| show | growht of many pathogenic organisms and inhibits sperm motility
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| show | buffers in seminal fluid
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| near the vaginal orific, the inner layer of mucosa elaborates to form an | show 🗑
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| show | vascular and tends to bleed when ruptured during the first sexual intercourse
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| vaginal fornix is a ...recess around the tip of the | show 🗑
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| cervical protrusion is an area where | show 🗑
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| the female external genitalia include the following | show 🗑
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| show | fatty, rounded pad overlying the pubic symphysis
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| labia majora is homologues of the...and derived from same | show 🗑
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| show | long, hair covered fatty skinfolds extending posteriorly from the mons pubis
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| show | thin hairless folds of skin enclosed by the labia majora
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| show | anterior to the urethral opening and projects into the vestibule
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| show | largely of erectile tissue that is homologous with the corpora cavernosai n males
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| clitoris is hooded by a | show 🗑
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| show | small erectile tissue area that sits atop the clitoris
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| show | paired corpora cavernosa
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| show | vestibular bulbs...blood
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| show | homologous to the corproa spnogiosum
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| show | vaginal orifice and directly deep to the bulbospongious muscle
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| show | labia minora
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| vestibule houses the | show 🗑
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| the mucus secreting...and the...of the vestuble lie just deep to the labia | show 🗑
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| show | paraurethral glands, lesser vestibular glands and the greater vestibular glands
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| paraurethral glands discharge | show 🗑
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| lesser vestibular glands; a variable number of these glands discharge their | show 🗑
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| during arousal, the greater vestibular glands discharge their secretions via a..into the... | show 🗑
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| the greater vestibular glands are...glands that resemble the... | show 🗑
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| show | diamond...pubic arch anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly and the ischial tuberosities laterally
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| the central tendon of the perineum lies just | show 🗑
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| the mammary glands develope from the | show 🗑
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| the mammary glands lie in the | show 🗑
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| the mammary glands function as the site of | show 🗑
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| show | 15-25 lobes that secrete milk
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| show | lobules and alveoli...adipose tissue and by supportive suspensory ligaments
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| show | lactiferous duct, lactiferous sinus
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| lactiferous duct convergence of ducts leaving the | show 🗑
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| show | lactiferous duct system
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| lactiferous sinus is the expanision of ducts | show 🗑
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| show | mammary glands that open onto the body surface as the nippel
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| what supply the breasts | show 🗑
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| the full glandular structure of the breast does not | show 🗑
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| show | anterior pituitary
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| show | anterior pituitary
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| show | placenta
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