AP Finals Clare Note
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| Biconcave cells is a characteristic of | red blood cells
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| White blood cell that is a granulocytes | basophil
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| White blood cell agranulocyte | monocyte
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| White blood cell count | 5,000
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| Red blood cell count | millions
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| Platelet count | 150,000 platelets
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| Cells act against foreign substances | lymphocytes
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| Has cytoplasmic fragments | platelets
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| Element in hemoglobin carries oxygen | iron
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| Most phagocytic cells | neutrophils and monocytes
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| How cells move toward damaged cells releasing chemicals | positive feedback
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| Most important action of plasma protein albumin | maintaining blood osmotic pressure
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| Causes sickle cell anemia | genetic abnormal form of hemoglobin
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| Jaundice is caused by | too much bilirubin
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| Jaundice is also called | icterus
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| Form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron | hypochromic anemia
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| Pus composed off | leukocytes, damaged cells, and bacteria
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| Platelet plugs release | serotonin
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| Basic stage of blood clot formation | fibrinogen to fibrin
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| Thrombocytopenia affects | number of platelets (too few)
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| Aglutinogen type AB contains | AB
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| Aglutinin type AB contains | none
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| Universal donor | O
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| Clot busting drug derived from –a bacteria called streptokinase |
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| LDL receptors found of surface of RBcells because –dont want high concentration of LDL |
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| A lack of LDL receptors causes | concentration of LDL and blood pressure increase
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| Loose fitting sac of tissue around heart | pericardium
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| Valve that opens when ventricles contract | aortic semilunar valve and pulmonary semilunar valve
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| Self | exciting tissue
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| Order of electrical charge through heart | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
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| During ventricular systole there is what kind of pressure | greater
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| T wave is – ECG polarization of atrial muscle fiber |
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| PQ interval cardiac impulse travels from –SA node to ventricle muscle fiber |
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| Slow heart rate | brachycardia
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| Serious fluttering of heart | fibrillation
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| Most serious type of fibrillation | ventricle fibrillation
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| Plasma protein albumin remains in blood to –maintain osmotic pressure |
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| Venules turn into – veins |
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| A diet high in unsaturated fat is not a factor for | atherosclerosis
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| Right coronary artery branches from –aorta |
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| Brachiocephalic vein branches from | aorta
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| Left subclavian vein branches from | aorta
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| External jugular drains blood from | face
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| Teeth used for biting large amounts | incisors
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| Causes tooth decay | acid
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| Begins digestion of carbohydrates | salivary amylase
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| Hiatal hernia | weakness in abdominal diaphragm
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| Cholecystokinin is secreted by | small intestine
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| Cholecystokinin is stimulated by | fat
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| Gastric juice in esophagus is | heartburn
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| Protein in pancreatic juice –trypsin |
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| If the liver is damaged | fat digestion is affected
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| Yellowish tint | jaundice
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| Bile salts do what | produce detergent action
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| Secretin stimulates release of | pancreatic juice
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| Lymph carries | away
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| Major function of large intestine | absorption
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| During the defection reflex the | diaphragm is lowered
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| Hemorrhoids | blood vessel of anal column enlarges
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| Gastrin increases | secretory activity of gastric glands
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| Gastrin stimulates | cells growth in mucosa of stomach and intestines
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| Acute pancreatitis causes accumulation of –trypsin |
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| Accumulation of Trypsin causes | digestion of pancreas
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| Gall bladder connects to what duct at the common hepatic duct | cystic duct
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| Lactose intolerant people don’t produce | lactase
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| Peritoneal membrane is –fatty apron |
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| Lactose increases –water in intestine |
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| LDL delivers | cholesterol to tissues
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| Caecum located on inferior end of –ascending colon |
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| Inspiration is caused by | atmospheric pressure 760 mm/Hg
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| Definition of inspiration | movement of air from outside of body into and out of bronchial tree and alveoli
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| Pneumothorax | puncture in thoracic wall that lets air into pleural cavity
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| Carbonic anhydrase is made by the combination of –Co2 and H20 |
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| Pneumothorax may collapse a lung because | of the lungs elasticity
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| CO2 attaches better to –hemoglobin |
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| Emphysema is –a decrease in alveolar elasticity |
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| Microorganisms removed by sticky substances are destroyed by | swallowing and digestive juices
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| Vocal cords located | larynx
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| Alveoli tissue composed of –simple squamous ep |
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| Laryngitis can cause | obstruction of airway
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| Respiratory distress syndrome | lack of surfactant in newborns
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| Glottis | opening between vocal cords
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| Tidal volume | amount of air during normal breath
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| Expiratory reserve | forceful expiration in addition to tidal volume
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| Visceral and parietal pleura in lungs held by | surface tension
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| Emphazyma | decrease alveolar elasticity and
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| Spirometer measures | tidal volume, vital capacity, residual volume
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| If CO2 increases | threating rate increases
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| Gas exchange between walls of alveoli | diffusion
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| Ordinary air has how much oxygen | 21%
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| Is the right kidney higher than the left | no
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| Location of kidney | behind parietal peritoneum
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| Correct sequence of movement of fluid in glomerulus | proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
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| Urine formation needs | reabsorption, secretion, and filtration
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| If arteriole that supplies blood gets constricted, efferent arteriole decreases, glomerular filtrate decreases and hydrostatic pressure decreases |
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| Afferent arteriole supplies blood | to glomerulus
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| ADH regulates | urine concentration and volume
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| Neurons in hypothalamus produce | ADH
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| Lithotripsy destroys kidney stones by | electric shock waves
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| Reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily in proximal convoluted tubule |
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| Least likely to contain plasma proteins | glomerular filtrate
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| Amino acids are present | in glomerular filtrate
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| Gout | high concentration of uric acid
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| Low arteriole pressure | glomerular pressure and filtration decreases
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| Glucicena | excess glucose
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| As osmotic pressure decreases | glomerular filtration increases
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| Urine forced on ureter by | peristaltic wave
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| Meiosis occurs | in spermatogenesis and oogenesis
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| Epididymis leads to –ductus deferens |
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| Androgens are | male
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| Sperm meiosis produces | 4 sperm cells with 23 chromosomes each
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| Amount of testosterone regulated by | negative feedback
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| In female rep cycle, menstruation occurs when | concentration of estrogen and progesterone are low
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| Testicular cancer originate from | ep tissue of semiferious tubules
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| Male secondary characteristic hormone | testosterone
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| Female structure that corresponds to penis | clitoris
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| Cervix | tube portion of uterus that goes down to vagina
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| Can be fertilized to produce zygote | secondary oocyte
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| Inner layer of uterus | endometrium
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| Moves egg down fallopian tube | peristalsis and cilia
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| Detects abnormal cells in cervix | pap smear
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| Female sex hormone | estrogen
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| FSH stimulates follicle to | start maturation process
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| Causes let down of milk in mammary gland | prolactin
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| Athletes see disturbance in rep cycle due to –decrease in estrogen |
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