Psychology's History and Approaches
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| empiricism | show 🗑
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| structuralism | show 🗑
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| show | a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. (p. 5)
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| experimental psychology | show 🗑
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| show | the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). (pp. 6, 218)
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| show | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth. (p. 6)
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| show | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language). (pp. 7, 89)
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| psychology | show 🗑
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| nature-nurture issue | show 🗑
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| show | the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. (pp. 8, 103)
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| show | the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon. (p. 10)
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| biopsychosocial approach | show 🗑
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| biological psychology | show 🗑
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| evolutionary psychology | show 🗑
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| psychodynamic psychology | show 🗑
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| show | the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning. (p. 10)
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| cognitive psychology | show 🗑
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| show | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking. (p. 10)
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| show | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. (p. 12)
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| basic research | show 🗑
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| developmental psychology | show 🗑
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| educational psychology | show 🗑
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| personality psychology | show 🗑
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| show | the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. (p. 13)
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| social psychology | show 🗑
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| applied research | show 🗑
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| show | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. (pp. 13, B-2)
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| human factors psychology | show 🗑
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| show | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being. (p. 13)
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| clinical psychology | show 🗑
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| show | a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy. (p. 13)
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| SQ3R | show 🗑
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