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Egan's Ch. 13 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
in which 2 ways can metabolic acidosis occur?
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2.
what are some signs of respiratory alkalosis?
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3.
in a closed buffer system, when does buffering activity stop?
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4.
why is the H-H equation useful in a clinical setting?
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5.
how much fixed acid is excreted per day by the kidneys?
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6.
what are some of the causes on high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
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7.
what disease can increases fixed acid production?
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8.
how do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?
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9.
the kidneys also regulate HCO3 levels. T or F
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10.
a decrease in ___ or an increase in ___ leads to acidemia. (ratio less than 20:1)
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11.
what is the normal blood buffer base (NBB) range?
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12.
what is the normal range of arterial bicarbonate?
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13.
how much does plasma HCO3 increase with acute increase in PCO2?
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14.
effect of small changes in the hydrogen ion concentration?
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15.
H+ + HCO3-= H2CO3
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16.
how does the hydration reaction produce HCO3?
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17.
what are some of the symptoms of metabolic acidosis?
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18.
how do the lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis?
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19.
if one acid-excretion system fails, the other will compensate. T or F
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20.
what are ways to correct metabolic acidosis?
A.
lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, renal failure. aspirin, formic acid, ethylene glycol
B.
failure of vital metabolic processes
C.
dyspnea,hyperpnea, Kussmaul's breathing, lethargy, coma
D.
<100 mEg
E.
22-26 mEq/L
F.
by reabsorbing HCO3 back into the blood
G.
when Hbuf reaches equilibrium with the reactants
H.
about 1 mEq/L for every 10 mm Hg increment over 40
I.
HCO3- PCO2
J.
CO2 and H20 create H2CO3, Hb snatches the H+, thus resulting in HCO3 CO2+H2O-->H2CO3-->HCO3- | Hb+H-->HHb
K.
diabetes
L.
true; especially in diseased individuals
M.
true; when large amounts of H+ are excreted, the HCO3 is reabsorbed back into the blood and vice vera
N.
if above 7.2, nothing, dr. will need to treat underlying condition if below 7.2, intravenous infusion of NaHCO3
O.
hyperventilation
P.
carbonic acid, bicarbonate + hydrogen ion
Q.
paresthesia, dizziness, headache, hyperventilation
R.
acid accumulation in the blood or excessive loss of HCO3
S.
48-52 mEq/L
T.
you can use it to see if the pH, PCO2, and HCO3 values for an abg are compatible; prevents transcription errors amd analyzer inaccuracies; also, to predict the result of changing the value of one or more of the variable
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
how is standard bicarbonate expressed?
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22.
what is the difference called between the normal buffer base and the actual buffer base in a whole blood sample?
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23.
which is faster at removing acid, lungs or kidneys?
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24.
when ___ increases or ___ decreases, it leads to alkalemia.(ratio greater than 20:1)
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25.
what is called when non-respiratory processes, such as losing fixed acid or gaining HCO3-, result in alkalemia?
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26.
what continuously generates H+?
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27.
what is the presence of lower than normal amounts of CO2 in the blood (PaCO2)?
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28.
what is the first step to analyzing acid-base problems?
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29.
wat is the normal, life sustaining, pH range of the body?
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30.
how do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

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