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Chapter 3 Quiz Test

Enter the letter for the matching Answer
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1.
On a dose-response curve, the point where radiation begins to produce an effect is known as the:
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2.
Undifferentiated, precursor, or stem cells are other names for:
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3.
The breakdown of water using radiation is termed:
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4.
What occurs if the initial ionizing incident takes place on a distant noncritical molecule, which then transfers the ionization of energy to another molecule?
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5.
Cell death which occurs before mitosis is termed:
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6.
What creates a stickiness on a macromolecule, causing it to connect to another macromolecule, or to another section of the same molecule
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7.
What is said to occur when an original ionizing event occurs directly on that macromolecule,e.g. DNA:
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8.
At the doses received in diagnostic radiology, only _____ types of chromosomal aberrations are seen:
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9.
What is the measure of the capacity of a specific ionizing radiation to produce a specific biological effect, expressed relative to a reference radiation, such as radium gamma rays or 200-volt x-rays
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10.
What will affect cell response to radiation?
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11.
As Linear Energy Transfer(LET) increases, how is Relative Biologic Effectiveness(RBE) affected?
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12.
hat is most commonly acted upon directly by ionizing radiation to produce indirect effects?
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13.
Cells which are considered highly radiosensitive include:
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14.
At low radiation doses, most cellular radiation damage is the result of:
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15.
What is considered to be most radiosensitive?
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16.
Nonthreshold
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17.
Chromosome produced radiation damage can be analyzed during which portion of the cell cycle?
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18.
A graphical representation of observed effects compared with radiation dose is termed:
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19.
According to the target theory, what is considered to be the critical target in the cell?
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20.
A graphical representation of the relationship between radiation dose and observed response, in which any dose may have a potential effect, and there is a direct relationship between dose and effect:
A.
Linear Dose-Response Curve
B.
Relative Biologic Effectiveness(RBE)
C.
Lymphocytes, Spermatagonia, Erythroblasts, and Intestinal Crypt Cells
D.
With an increase in LET, RBE also increases
E.
Single-Hit
F.
Threshold
G.
Linear Energy Transfer(LET), Relative Biologic Effectiveness(RBE), Oxygen Enhancement Ratio(OER)
H.
DNA
I.
Indirect Interaction
J.
Water
K.
Direct Interaction
L.
Cross-Linking
M.
Fetus
N.
Dose-Response Relationship(curve)
O.
Interphase Death
P.
Immature Cells
Q.
Point Lesions
R.
Radiolysis
S.
Assumes that any radiation dose produces an effect
T.
Metaphase
Type the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
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21.
What is used to describe cell damage from radiation that is not sufficient to kill the cell?
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22.
The type of irradiation damage most likely to cause abnormalities in base sequences, and thus cell mutation, would be?
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23.
Of the stages of accumulate , which is the most radiosensitive?
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24.
What are considered to be the most radioresistant phases of the cell cycle?
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25.
The term _____ is used to describe the effects of radiation on cells that are adjacent to those directly affected by radiation:
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26.
An uncharged molecule that contains a single unpaired electron in its outermost shell, which makes it chemically unstable and highly reactive is termed:
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27.
What occurs when the thread or backbone of a long-chain molecule is broken, resulting in numerous smaller molecules:
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28.
Irradiation of macromolecules may result in disturbance of single chemical bonds, which create molecular lesions, also known as:
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29.
Which portion of the cell survival curve proves that some damage must accumulate before death can occur?
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30.
What is considered to be the most radiosensitive part of a cell?

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